Yggdrasil, a modern attempt to reconstruct the Norse world tree which connects the heavens, the world, and the underworld.
The legs of the god Vishnu as the Cosmic Man depict earth and the seven realms of the Hindu underworld of Patala. The feet rest on cosmic serpent Shesha.
The underworld or netherworld is an otherworld thought to be deep underground or beneath the surface of the world in most religions and mythologies.[1] Typically, it is a place where the souls of the departed go, an afterlife or a realm of the dead. Chthonic is the technical adjective for things of the underworld.
Underworlds by mythology[]
This list includes underworlds in various mythology, with links to corresponding articles.
Albanian mythology | Ferri |
Aztec mythology | Mictlan |
Babylonian mythology | Irkalla |
Buddhist mythology | Naraka (also Niraya) |
Celtic mythology | Annwn, Mag Mell |
Chinese mythology / taoism | Diyu 地獄 |
Christian mythology | Hell, Tártaro, Purgatory |
Egyptian mythology | Aaru, Duat, Neter-khertet, Amenti |
Estonian mythology | Toonela |
Fijian mythology | see Melanesian mythology |
Finnish mythology | Tuonela |
Georgian mythology | Kveskneli |
Germanic | Hel, Niflheim |
Greek mythology | |
Guanche mythology |
Echeide, Guayota |
Hindu mythology | Naraka or Yamaloka, Patala |
Hittite mythology | Dankuš daganzipaš (dark earth) |
Hopi mythology | Maski |
Hungarian mythology | Alvilág |
Inca mythology | Uku Pacha |
Inuit mythology | Adlivun |
Islamic mythology | Jahannam, Naar, Barzakh, Araf |
Jain mythology | Naraka, Adho Loka (the lower world) |
Japanese mythology/Shinto | Yomi 黄泉, Ne-no-Kuni 根の国, Jigoku 地獄 |
Jewish/Hebrew mythology | Sheol, Gehenna, Abaddon, Azazel, Tehom, Tophet, Tzoah Rotachat, Dudael |
Korean mythology | "Ji-Ok" 지옥 地獄 |
Latvian mythology | Aizsaule |
Malay mythology | Alam Ghaib (The unseen realm) |
Indonesian mythology | |
Māori mythology | Hawaiki, Rarohenga |
Mapuche mythology | Pellumawida, Degin, Wenuleufu, Ngullchenmaiwe |
Maya mythology | Metnal, Xibalba |
Melanesian mythology | (includes Fijian) Bulu, Burotu, Murimuria, Nabagatai, Tuma |
Norse mythology | Gimlé, Hel, Niflhel, Vingólf |
Oromo mythology | Ekera |
Persian mythology | Duzakh |
Philippine mythology | Kasanaan |
Polynesian mythology | Avaiki, Bulotu, Iva, Lua-o-Milu, Nga- Atua, Pulotu, Rangi Tuarea, Te Toi-o-nga-Ranga, Uranga-o-Te-Ra |
Pueblo mythology | Shipap |
Roman mythology | Inferno, Avernus |
Romanian mythology | Tărâmul Celălalt |
Slavic mythology | Nav, Podsvetie, Peklo, Vyraj |
Sumerian mythology | Kur, Hubur |
Turko-Mongol | Erlik |
Vodou mythology | Guinee |
Wagawaga (New Guinea) mythology | Hiyoyoa |
Underworld figures[]
This list includes rulers or guardians of the underworld in various mythologies, with links to corresponding articles.
Aboriginal mythology | Baiame (Kamilaroi), Eingana |
Akkadian mythology | Allu, Anu, Anunnaku, Ereshkigal, Etemmu, Gallu, Humbaba, Mamitu, Nergal, Utnapishtim |
Albanian mythology | E Bukura e Dheut |
Turko-Mongol | Erlik |
Armenian mythology | Spandaramat |
Aztec mythology | Mictlantecuhtli, Mictecacihuatl, Chalmecacihuilt, Chalmecatl |
Babylonian mythology | Erra, Nergal, Ninlil, Sursunabu, Ur-shanabi, Utnapishtim |
Balinese mythology | Batara Kala, Setesuyara |
Bon mythology | gNyan |
Buddhist mythology | Yama |
Canaanite mythology | Mot, Arsay |
Celtic mythology | Aed, Arawn, Cwn Annwn, Donn, Gwyn ap Nudd, Manannán mac Lir, Pwyll |
Chinese mythology | Gui, Yanluo |
Christian mythology | Satan, Lucifer, Beelzebub |
Egyptian mythology | Aken, Aker (strictly only the gatekeeper), Am-heh, Amunet, Ammit, Andjety, Anubis, Apep, Apis, Astennu, Ha, Imiut (if the Imiut was ever considered a god), Isis, Mehen, Naunet, Nehebkau, Nephthys, Nun, Nut, Osiris, Ptah, Seker, Thoth |
Elamite mythology | Jabru |
Estonian mythology | Vanapagan |
Etruscan mythology | Charun, Culsu, Februus, Mania, Mantus, Nethuns, Tuchulcha, Vanth |
Finnish mythology | Kalma, Kipu-Tyttö, Kivutar, Lovitar, Surma, Tuonen akka, Tuonetar, Tuoni, Vammatar |
Greek mythology | Cerberus, Charon, Hadēs, Pluto, Keres, Persephone, Thánatos |
Georgian mythology | sasuleti |
Haida mythology | Ta'xet, Tia |
Hinduism | Yama |
Hopi mythology | Maasaw |
Ibo mythology | Ala |
Incan mythology | Supay, Vichama |
Indonesian mythology (ancient Javananese, Sundanese and Balinese) | Batara Kala guardian for sinners souls' underworld, Dewi Sri guardess for the righteous souls' underworld |
Inuit mythology | Pana, Sedna |
Islamic mythology | Maalik as the guardian of the jahannam hell's door, Iblis accompany the sinners in jahannam |
Japanese mythology | Hotoke, Izanami-no-Mikoto, Jikininki, Shikome, Shitidama, Shiryō, Susanoo-no-Mikoto, Yama |
Kassite mythology | Dur |
Khmer mythology | Preas Eyssaur |
Latvian mythology | Veļi, Velu mate, Zemes mate |
Levantine mythology | Mot, Arsay |
Lunda mythology | Kalunga |
Maori mythology | Kewa |
Maya mythology | Xibalba |
Melanesian mythology | (includes Fijian mythology) Degei, Ratumaibulu, Samulayo |
Narragansett mythology | Chepi |
Navaho mythology | Estsanatlehi |
Niquiran mythology | Mictanteot |
Norse mythology | Garmr, Hel, Ran |
Ob-Ugrian mythology | Heini-iki |
Orokolo mythology | Kiavari |
Persian mythology | Angra Mainyu, Azhi Dahaka, Peri |
Philippine mythology | Magwayen/Maguayen, Sidapa |
Phoenician mythology | Horon |
Phrygian mythology | Men |
Polynesian mythology | Hikuleo, Hina, Hine-nui-te-Po, Kanaloa, Kiho-tumu, Makea Tutara, Mahiuki, Mahu-ike, Marama, Mauri, Merau, Milu, Miru, Rimu, Rohe, Whiro |
Prussian mythology | Picullus |
Pueblo mythology | Iyatiku |
Roma (Gypsy) mythology | Beng |
Roman mythology | Cerberus, Dea Tacita, Dis Pater, Egestes, Fames, Inferi Dii, Larenta, Letum, Libitina, Mors, Orcus, Pluto, Proserpina, Viduus |
Romanian mythology | Diavolu, Satana, Necuratu, Scaraoschi |
Russian mythology | Dyavol, Satanaya |
Saami mythology | Yambe-akka |
Salish mythology | Amotken |
Siberian mythology | Chebeldei, Kul |
Slavic mythology | Crnobog, Flins, Marzana, Nyia, Veles (god) |
Sumerian mythology | Edimmu, Ekimmu, Endukugga, Enmesarra, Ereshkigal, Gidim, Gula, Irkalla, Kur, Namtar, Nergal, Neti, Nindukugga, Ninlil, Urshanabi, Ziusudra |
Syrian mythology | Reshep |
Tamil mythology | Cur |
Thracian mythology | Heros |
Turkic mythology | Erlik |
Vodou | Baron Cimetière, Baron La Croix, Baron Samedi, Ghede, Maman Brigitte, Marassa Jumeaux |
Wagawaga mythology | Tumudurere |
Yoruba mythology | Esu, Oya |
Yurak mythology | Nga |
Zuni mythology | Uhepono |
See also[]
- Otherworld
- World Tree — A tree that connects the heavens, the earth, and the underworld in a number of spiritual belief systems
References[]
- ↑ "Underworld". The free dictionary. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
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