The tour of France (French: Tour de France [tuʀdə ˈ ˌ ː s fʀɑ̃]?, also called the Tour called) is a road bicycle race which for the most part run by France . Together with the rounds of Italy (Giro) and Spain (Vuelta) is one of the three Grand Tours.
The Tour De France was founded in 1903 and was organized by Henri Desgrange, editor of L'Automagazine, based on an idea of his young employee Georges Lefèvre, who is also the Tour Director of the first edition was. The Tour has since become the most important, most demanding and eervolste bicycle race of the year.
The riders with the most titles are the Frenchmen Jacques Anquetil and Bernard Hinault, Belgian Eddy Merckx and Spaniard Miguel Indurain, who won the Tour five times each. The American had to be Lance Armstrong 7 Tour victories from 1999 to 2005 returning because he has admitted doping. No new winners were designated for these Tours.
Content[]
- 2 Standings
- Route 3
- 4 Rules
- 5 list of Tour Directors
- 6 Famous losers
- 7 La Grande Boucle Féminine
- 8 list of winners
- 9 Performance
- 10 see also
- 11 external links
History[Edit][]
Genesis[Edit][]
Early 20th century France has two leading sports newspapers, "L'Auto-Vélo" and "Le Vélo". Le Vélo, the sponsor of the cycling classic Bordeaux-Paris, is by far the best selling newspaper; the print run is 80 000 over 20 000 for L'Auto-Vélo. Henri Desgrange, editor of L'Auto-Vélo and want to do something about it here first werelduurrecord holder, and together with Géo Lefèvre he comes the idea to organize a tour of France for cyclists.
On 16 January 1903 loses Desgrange an important process against its competitor Le Vélo's Griffard. Desgrange must be named Vélo delete from the title of his newspaper. Hate welt on. not despair and Desgrange, however, remains three days later, on 19 January, the first round of France proposed to the press. This proposal was however not immediately enthusiastically received and it was feared that the Tour there would never come. A week before the conclusion of the inscription have only 15 riders signed up. That was on 6 May.The first Tour would start on June 1 and last until July 5. Perforce had to do for a few concessions so Desgrange. The first Tour would begin only on 1 July and the starting money was cut in half. Eventually it appeared in and wrote 108 riders 60 actually to the start line on July 1.
On 1 July 1903, the shot in motion 60 riders than for the first Tour. This consisted of 6 rides. To determine whether the planned course, the riders are on their way checkpoints installed. There the riders get off to the Commissioners or their name calling and a signature. The Auditors are rushing to the next checkpoint. The Frenchman Maurice Garin WINS with a lead of almost 3 hours on the number two, though it's seen the perils in the Tour of the following year though whether he actually has completed the entire round on the bicycle. Only 21 of the 60 riders eventually drive the race.
After the first Tour, Desgrange had been seen that it is good and so he shows a year later a twin sister on paper signs. Same number of journeys, same and same favorites. The only difference was that in 1903 riders could register for one or more trials, this year if there are no riders recover. On road so, but soon diving there are a few glitches on. quite a few people who live along the protest route and throw barricades on because they find that the passage of the caravan disturbs their sleep. In that time, also at night races. On the Col de la Republique, the first mountain in the Tour, it only really starts to get out of hand. Supporters of the escaped the pursuing seize Faure Garin at the collar and shout: "down with Garin, save him dead". But the Frenchman born in Italy is not afraid. "I go through to Paris and will win unless I kill word". In Lunel are the streets full of glass fragments and inNîmes comes to brawling in which riders treated to be caned by demonstrators. No one has yet in the long term view on the run of play, what some impetus for cheating as it would turn out. But the Tour continues. Acouturier wins four of the six rides but was after a fall in the first stage already disabled for the general classification. The fight for the final classification resolves to a duel Garin-Pothier. After the penultimate stage leads Garin with 28 seconds ahead. But then begins the game only really. A violent storm makes the final stage in the Parc des Princes impossible. The day after the last ride decision Desgrange that the second edition of the Tour will be the last has been. The many incidents along the way had him totally discouraged. Meanwhile, the Union Vélocipédique de France, it begins with research work into the events during the last Tour. The results will be released on 30 november and do the bomb completely burst. The first four of the final classification will be disqualified! They have been guilty of innumerable violations along the way: here and there, taken the train inner roads taken, be, floor, etc.. Results: Pothier is lifelong suspended, Garin may two years no longer rates and Henri Cornet, the fifth, is declared the winner in the long run to end. Organizer Desgrange fights back: "the great crusade of cycling cannot end with such a false note."
The following year, comes up with a new Tour Desgrange. Innovations: instead of 6 there are now 11 rides and with the Ballon d'Alsace and the Col Bayard are done to the Vosges and Alps. Another year later, Desgrange again with a novelty. The last kilometer of a ride is now marked with a rag in the form of a red triangle. In 1910, Alphonse Steinès, a journalist comes of L'Auto at Desgrange come knocking. The man had discovered the Col du Tourmalet . He was almost killed the crawler during a snowstorm, the road surface was a true horror and sometimes bears were on the flanks of the Tourmalet signaled, but Desgrange had to. So pulled the peloton in the Pyrenees in 1910 for the first time. There were two Pyrenees rides on the program. The first to Luchon on the Col de Portet-d'Aspet was won by Octave Lapize. The second, from Luchon to Bayonne and includes the climbs of the Peyresourde, Aspin, Tourmalet the the and the Aubisque, was won by, again, Lapize. The riders were, however, not to mention these new trials. They called Desgrange out for killer and all that is not beautiful. Although no riders during the Pyrenees rides are eaten by bears, there is still a dead. The total unknown, during a swimming game of Adolphe Hélière gets into the sea on the rest day in Nice, a heart attack and drowns. In 1911 the search goes even higher, because Desgrange then a mountain stage on the Télégrapheand the Galibier on the program. A year later wins the Tour for the first time a Belgian, Odiel Davis from Rumbeke.
Interwar Period[Edit][]
"We want to see the leader. The peloton just buzz over and we have the leader cannot even recognize "morden the French journalists in 1919. Desgrange thought and finally came up with a yellow Jersey to come up. Why yellow? Simple: the organising newspaper, L'Auto, was printed on yellow paper. On 19 July 1919 is the very first geletruidrager Eugène Christophe .
The Tour is growing further and quickly becomes the biggest cycling race in the world. This ensures that the day after the final stage in 1923 L'Auto as many as one million newspapers sells. The Tour is a household name and everyone wants to read all about it. In 1930 comes up with something new again Desgrange. He leads the team and the team ranking in countries. The first publicity caravan set up and for the first time is a ride directly on the radio broadcast. A few years later, the King of the mountains classification, the first winner is Vicente Trueba. The time continues and a time trial for the first time organized (1934), Spaniard Francesco Cepeda is first rider to its stop (1935), Theo middelkampwins the first Dutchman a Roadtrip (1936), derailleurs (accelerators) are permitted (1937), Desgrange are looking for still higher up the Col de l'Iséran, the at that time (1938) highly passable mountain in Europe, and for the first time, there is also a climbing time trial on the program (1939).
After the second world war[Edit][]
Died In 1940 Henri Desgrange, founder of the tour of France. Then break the war and after the war, the French sports newspaper L ' Équipe and Le Parisien Libéré the Parisian newspaper L'Auto replaced. In 1948 than revolutionize place: for the first time a Roadtrip, the final stage to Paris, broadcast live on tv. In 1949, a monument placed on top of theGalibier, in honor of Desgrange. In 1951, for the first time not from Paris left but acts Metz as a starting place. Cols are climbed in 1952 from 1905 is but the first time that a stage on top of a col arrive, on the mythical Alpe d'Huez. The ride departed Lausanne and the Italian Fausto Coppi won. The arrival was not at the very top, but in the village of Huez, approximately on half of the climb that now to drive on the very top. It was then that Tour still twice on top of a top finish, on Sestriere and on the Puy de Dôme. Both of these rides were also won by Coppi.
[1]Report from the start of the Tour in the Netherlands in 1954 by Polygoon-journal
At the 50th anniversary in 1953 is the points classification entered. The leader of this ranking Gets a green Jersey. The color is due to the first sponsor, a manufacturer of lawnmowers. A year later, the Tour for the first time outside France leave, namely in Amsterdam. Also in the following years and decades, the Tour will still regularly start abroad.
In 1957 debuts the Frenchman Jacques Anquetil in the Tour and win right away. The Frenchman is a gifted time rider and is called"Monsieur Chrono" . He will be the first to win the Tour five times. In 1958, for the first time an arrival on the Mont Ventoux. From 1962 is there finally driven brands teams. In 1967 Tom Simpson dies during the climb of the Mont Ventoux after using amphetamines. Combined with the heat, the heavy climb and stomach problems is this him fatal. In 1968, the arrival of the final stage for the first time on the velodrome de Vincennes, was previously held there always arrived at the Parc des Princes. The first Dutchman Jan Janssen WINS Tour of the yellow in the last ride to take off the Belgian Herman Van Springel (1968).
Five years after the last win of Anquetil starts a new chapter, that of Eddy Merckx. The Belgian succeeds like Anquetil to win the Tour five times. Eddy Merckx, nicknamed "the Cannibal", and that nickname says it all, wanted to win anytime, anywhere and ruled the Pack as a true patron. He took care of illustrious records. He holds a whopping 34 stages and wore the yellow Jersey 96 days. In the end, the realm of Mackay completed in 1975. During the ride to Pra Loup hath he thrown into and Frenchman Bernard Thévenet won the Tour which first arrived on the Champs Elysées. The following out there to win the Tour five times was Bernard Hinault, nicknamed "Le Blaireau" (Badger). Hinault appeared very similar to its predecessor Merckx, because he was considered the patron in the peloton. The Tour Hinault also failed to win a sixth time. In 1986 he had to let the victory to its young American team mate Greg LeMond. That same LeMond won the Tour in 1989 with the smallest difference ever, by in a time trial of Versailles to the Champs Elysées on a bicycle with Triathlon send 58 seconds to make up onLaurent Fignon and ultimately geletruidrager with barely 8 second gap to win. Meanwhile the Dutch stage victories galore on l'Alpe D'Huez and the Belgians won green Jersey after green Jersey. For both countries were the years between the late 1960s and the late 1980s golden years.
The next in the list by 5-fold Tour winners Miguel Indurainis facing. The "Sphinx of Pamplona" reigned in the early 1990s. His tactic was not pretty, but efficient. He overklaste the competition in the time trials and stayed with in the cols. During his latest victory on French roads (1995) came the Italian Fabio Casartelli ugly fall during the descent of the Portet D'Aspet. The 24-year-old Barcelona ' 92 Olympic champion dies of his brain injury and is to date the last rider who died during the Tour.
Doping Issues[Edit][]
[3][4]Spectators show their displeasure over the Operación Puertodoping case-during the tour of France 2006
In 1998, before the start of the Tour, the Festina team's caretaker Willy Foot caught with large quantities of epo in his car. It was strictly controlled and the Dutch team TVM, the French team Festina and all Spanish teams were put out of the Tour. TVM 's team leader Cees Priem ended up in prison. Because of the crackdown by the French justice was there in the middle of the seventeenth stage a riders strike in which all riders their numbers removed. Only 96 of 189 riders achieve the finish line launched in Paris. Because of these troubles got this Tour the nickname "Le Tour Noir" or "Le Dopage" Tour.
In May 2006 it was announced that there was a doping scandal in Spain, where not only Spanish riders but also riders from Italy, France and Germany were involved. It started at the Spanish team Liberty Seguros team Manolo Saiz and doctor leader where Eufemiano Fuentes there of are suspected to be involved in a doping case. Fuentes would have experienced many great riders. Liberty disappeared as a lender for the team and companies in the capital of Kazakhstan, Astana, decided to sponsor the team, and the name changed in Astana-Würth. The bosses of the Tour de France Astana-Würth wanted (the team of one of the Favorites of that year: Aleksandr Vinokurov) exclude from participation but Astana went there against it and got right of the sport Commission CAS. A day before the start, a list of 35 riders made public (nine of which were on the start list of the Tour) and the team leaders spoke to all names on the list from their team to set off immediately. On the list was a number of big names, including 1997 Tour de France winner Jan Ullrich, his teammate Óscar Sevilla, the number 2 in the Tour of 2005 Ivan Basso, Francisco Mancebo, Joseba Beloki and almost all riders of the Spanish team Comunidad Valenciana. Since from the Astana-Würth team of five people of not, it means that the team suffered and therefore not less than six riders in the Tour should start.
The Tour of 2006 was eventually won by Floyd Landis, who after a slump in the 16th stage recovered in the last time trial in the 17th stage and the round decided. Four days after the Tour, not after Landis showed up at eight of Chaam and was unreachable, it was discovered that he has used doping. On 11 May 2007 he was deleted as a Tour winner.
After various incidents relating to doping use Christian Prudhomme on 27 July 2007 that he was during the next round of France no longer interacts with the UCI. In 2008 the Tour management because of the feud stopped cooperation with the UCI and worked during the edition of that year along with the WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) and the French doping authorities. In 2009, when the conflict between ASO and the UCI, the UCI was settled again took doping controls again for his account. The 2011 tour de France was part of the first edition of the UCI World Tour.
On 6 February 2012 Alberto Contador was suspended for 2 years. He lost his Luxemburger Andy Schleckto the victory. His brother Frank Schleck was put out of the Tour because of doping that year. On 24 August 2012 was Lance Armstrong suspended for life by USADA because he the spindle was in a large doping scandal. This suspension was taken over by the UCI in October 2012 and he had to surrender his Tour victories.
The Tour De France in numbers[Edit][]
[5][6]From 1926, the total length of the Tour continuous af[7][8]Development of the average speed of the Tour winner[9][10]The speed of the Tour winner over the years is inversely proportional to the length of the Tour (measured from 1919)
The first round of France was driven in 1903 and was with a length of 2428 km even to mention the short by today's standards. That Tour consisted of 6 stages with an extremely large stage distance averaging 405 km. The average speed of the winner was 26 km/h; slowly but it was not the slowest Tour ever, because that became those of1919 with just 24 km/h. The Second Tour was about the same route driven and also made much the same average speed.
As of 1905 , however, was a race course chosen was located at the external borders of France so that the riders actually a round France reason. The length of the Tour increased thereby and 1970 is to never been less than 4000 km. The longest Tour ever was that of 1926 with 5745 km Tour length. That winner was 239 hours on the saddle.The average stage length was increased by the number of stages no longer so bizarre big as in the first two years, but usually still until 1927 amounted to between 300 and 370 km. Then decided to bring back the stage length to about 250 km, and over time sank steadily to that length about 170 miles a day on average.
From 1927 has gotten the Tour we still know the character, namely about 20 stages of the order of 200 km over a total length of approximately 4000 km, which is, however, a trend of an ever shorter Tour. Apart from the first two Tours (1903 and 1904) is that of 1989 with been the shortest 3285 km. 1988 was the Tour with the shortest stages, on average 149 km 1987 , and with most stages, namely 25 pieces.
The speed of the winner is increased over the years and although that can be attributed to the professionalisation of the athlete, better equipment and doping, the length of the Tour is also a determining factor; There is some correlation visible between the length of the Tour and the average speed of the winner. In 1927, the first supposedly normal Tour, rode the winner the Tour out with a speed of 27 mph. today, drive the winner approximately 40 km/h. In 2006 was the fastest Tour so far ridden, 41 km/h.
The Tour is not always driven; the first and Second World War were there to blame. From 1915 to 1918 and 1940 to 1946 no Tour was organized. From 1999 to 2005 the Tour be ridden but was due to foul play the winner from the result afterwards deleted. There were no new winners referred to.
Future[Edit][]
The tour de France 2014 will start in Leeds. [1] other countries like Qatar also had interest before the start. [2] The tour of France 2015 will start with a time trial in Utrecht. [3]
Standings[Edit][]
The Tour has several challenges. Apart from the battle for the general classification (yellow Jersey) fights the riders and cycling teams to earn the points that each stage there are. The rider with the highest total points in a given classification may be the next stage in the sweater drive with a certain color or print. There are also hefty cash amounts to win with the various standings.
- [11] General classification - yellow Jersey: shortest total time on all stages
- [12] Points classification - Green Jersey: points are scored at the end of the stages, in particular the flat stages and in intermediate sprints
- [13] Mountains classification - polka dot Jersey: points are scored at the top of the climbs
- [14] Young rider classification - White Jersey: highest ranked rider in the general classification under a certain age (usually 25 years)
- [15] Red Jersey number: a red, rather than black Jersey number: a jury looks daily who that day the most offensive has driven, and knows it runs. This should not be confused with the Red Lantern, which is an unofficial term for the last State in the standings.
- [16] Team ranking -every day the times of the three first riders of each team adds up. The leading team is nowadays identified by yellow numbers and yellow helmets, because the old yellow caps were visible through the helmet no longer or no longer at all were worn by the riders.
In the past, there have been several other standings put up that have been abolished. Examples are the Red Jersey ([17]) for the intermediate sprints and the patches Jersey ([18]) for the combination classification.Also, there was a team puntenklassement; the team which it covers led wore green caps.
Yellow Jersey[Edit][]
The yellow Jersey is worn by the rider who has the fastest time over all set stages. In 2008, abolished the bonus seconds . The one that should attract the Jersey after the last stage, the winner of the tour of France.
The yellow Jersey was first introduced in 1919 and was first worn by the Frenchman Eugène Christophe. The color was chosen as a reference to the yellow paper on which the organising newspaper, L'Auto, was printed.
Green Jersey[Edit][]
The Green Jersey is worn by the rider who indicated in the intermediate sprints and has collected the most points on the measuring. On the measuring points are accumulated based on the can result in the stage and severity of the stage. In the prologue and in all stages can points are accumulated. Only in the team time trial are no to earn points for the Green Jersey. The Green Jersey was introduced in 1953 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the tour of France. The Jersey was red in the early years.
Polka Dot Jersey[Edit][]
The polka dot Jersey is worn by the leader of the mountains classification. At the top of every mountain are to earn points. The mountains are divided into five categories where "HC" (hors catégorie = out of category) and the most difficult is the "4th catégorie" the easiest. It goes without saying that HC most points and the fourth category the least. The following is an overview of the points. Since 2004, the points of the last climb of a stage doubled as a second category climb, first or outside concerns. At a ritaankomst be the points on the uphill arrival mountain doubled. As of 2007 are also the points for a col of 2nd, 1st or out of category doubled, if this concerns the last climb of the day.
White Jersey[Edit][]
The White Jersey is worn by the best classified rider in the general classification who is younger than 25. The age on 1 January of the year.
The same leader in different standings[Edit][]
If a rider is leader of more than one classification, he wears the Jersey of the most important classification. Here the order: yellow, green, polka dot, white.
For example: Eddy Merckx in 1969 won both the yellow, combination, green and polka dot Jersey. When cycling he wore only his yellow Jersey.
In such a case, another rider wear since 1971 (the highest placed in the relevant classification who is not yet a leader's Jersey carries) one of the leaders sweaters in the next leg.
Trail[Edit][]
Price Trend[Edit][]
[23][24]The Avenue des Champs-Élyséesin Paris is the finish of the last stage
Since 1967 the tour of France starts usually with a prologue or a short individual time trial of usually 5 to 10 km in length. As a prologue officially up to 8 kilometers long, is classified as a longer opening time trial first stage. In 2008 was on the first day no short time trial, but a ride in line of 195 km on the program. This was also the case in 2011with a ride of 191.5 km, and in 2013, when the tour in Corsica began.
It is followed by twenty stages, two rest days, interrupted by mostly by France and surroundings over a total length of about 3500 km. from origin followed these stages fairly accurate the land borders of France, nowadays however, all wind directions are sometimes left untouched. The starting and arrival places, the mountains that are climbed, the route and the direction in which is cycled, vary by year. Now comes the final stage always since 1975 to the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris. Bringing in a start or finish in the Tour costs a lot of money. Instead get the organizing city or town a large name recognition.
In the first stages, are the mostly sprinters, and sometimes dagzege with the attackers who steal. After about a week than the heavier stages in the Pyrenees and the Alps, which play an important role in the formation of the leader board. The order in which these two mountain ranges differs per year and be driven between them are often also single flat ' transitional stages ' 2010. In the three-week Tour are some individual time trials took place. Often the last (sometimes the decisive) time trial took place on the last Saturday of the Tour. Until 2005 there was also a team time trial on the program. In 2009 and 2011, however, there was a team time trial on the program.
Well known climbs[Edit][]
[26][27]The top of the Mont Ventoux
The general classification in the tour de France is in addition to the time trials largely formed in the high mountains. Mountain stages mainly place in the Alps and Pyrenees, but sometimes also in the Vosges mountains and the Massif Central. There are 27 climbs in the Tour history with an altitude of over 2000 meters. The highest pass, the Col de la Bonette (2802 m), followed by the Col de l'Iséran (2770 m) and the Col Agnel (2744 m).
Some heavy climbs is regularly included in the route of the tour of France and has acquired a mythical status in the sport of cycling. The Col du Tourmalet in the Pyrenees was in1910 and included for the first time in the race course has already been climbed 74 times. A year after the initial recognition of the Tourmalet was first climbed the Col du Galibier , in the Alps. In 2011, the Col du Galibier climbed twice because of the centenary of this Col In that year was once the finish on top of the Galibier on 2645 metres, the highest finish ever in the Tour. There is also a ski station In the Alps and arrival place l'Alpe d'Huez. The mountain was first climbed in 1952 and is well known for its 21 bends that carry the riders to an altitude of 1850 metres. In Provence is the Mont Ventoux (1909 m) and although this mountain only a few times in the Tour is included it is one of the best known and toughest climbs in the round. The mountain is known for the bare ' moon landscape ' and also the death of Tom Simpson in 1967 on the flanks of Ventoux has contributed to the mythical status of the mountain.
Some other climbs in the Tour are the Col d'Aubisque, which already 68 times was climbed, and the Puy de Dôme. On the last mountain came the Tour 13 times, but there were some legendary battles, such as between Anquetil and Poulidor in 1964. Because of logistical problems, however, the Tour will never arrive on the Puy de Dôme.
Abroad[Edit][]
Ever since the first years of the tour of France are sometimes the French country boundaries. That was the case in the first edition of 1906, when the round in one year the neighbouring countries Germany, Italy andSpain visited. In the 1947 tour de France, the first post-war, became for the first time Belgium served with Brussels as arrival point of the second stage. Netherlands for the first time In 1969 was the arrival point for a Tour stage; the Belgian Julien Stevens won the stage and arriving in Maastricht.
In the 1992 tour de France were with arrival and/or starting places in the countries France, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg , Germanyand Italy for the first time in history seven countries visited during one Tour.
The last decades is the tour of France often abroad started, to often after several stages in France to come out. The following countries and cities abroad were allowed to start the Tour ("Le Grand Départ") organise:
- [28] Netherlands (6): Amsterdam (1954), Scheveningen (1973), Leiden (1978), 's-Hertogenbosch (1996), Rotterdam (2010) and Utrecht (2015)
- [29] Belgium (4): Brussels (1958), Charleroi (1975) and Liège (2004 and 2012)
- [30] Germany (3): Cologne (1965), Frankfurt am Main (1980) and West Berlin (1987)
- [31] Luxembourg (2): Luxembourg (1989 and 2002)
- [32] United Kingdom (2): London (2007) and Leeds (2014)
- [33] Switzerland (1): Basel (1982)
- [34] Spain (1):1992 ( San Sebastian)
- [35] Ireland (1): Dublin (1998)
- [36] Monaco (1): Monte Carlo (2009)
Rules[Edit][]
Below are the rules in force since 2004.
Profit[Edit][]
The first rider to climb the arrival line travels in a regular stage, wins the ride, on the condition that he not wrongful sprint has driven or has bothered others. He can be downgraded as a result. In individual time trials wins the rider who drop the fastest time over a certain distance. The team time trial has no individual rider as the winner. This can only be a team win. If time is the time of the fifth rider of the team.
Time Limit[Edit][]
At all stages, except for the prologue, is subject to a time limit.
The stages are divided into six categories. These are four types of ordinary stages (1 = stage 2 = stage without difficulty, with average difficulty, 3 = stage with great difficulty and 4 = short stage) and the individual time trials and the team time trial. The time limit depends on the category and the average speed of a stage and amounts to a percentage of the winning time. If this is exceeded by one or more riders, this rider (s) will be disqualified and may no longer participate in the other stages.
What speed (in kilometers per hour) at what percentage belongs to which category.
| time limit | c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 | IT | PT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4% | ≤ 36 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5% | > 36-38 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 6% | > 38-40 | ≤ 35 | - | - | - | - |
| 7% | > 40-42 | > 35-36 | ≤ 30 | - | - | - |
| 8% | > 42-44 | > 36-37 | > 30-31 | - | - | - |
| 9% | > 44-46 | > 37-38 | > 31-32 | ≤ 30 | - | - |
| 10% | > 46-48 | > 38-39 | > 32-33 | > 30-31 | - | - |
| 11% | > 48-50 | > 39-40 | > 33-34 | > 31-32 | - | - |
| 12% | > 50 | > 40-41 | > 34-35 | > 32-33 | - | - |
| 13% | - | > 41-42 | > 35-36 | > 33-34 | - | - |
| 14% | - | > 42-43 | > 36-37 | > 34-35 | - | - |
| 15% | - | > 43-44 | > 37-38 | > 35-36 | - | - |
| 16% | - | > 44-45 | > 38-39 | > 36-37 | - | - |
| 17% | - | > 45-46 | > 39-40 | > 37-38 | - | - |
| 18% | - | > 46 | > 40 | > 38-39 | - | - |
| 19% | - | - | - | > 39-40 | - | - |
| 20% | - | - | - | > 40 | - | - |
| 25% | - | - | - | - | snelheidonafhankelijk | |
c = category, IT = PT = individual time trial and team time trial
If the number of dropouts by the time limit amounts to more than 20% of the participants, the jury can decide to modify the time limit. This happened in 2001, when the peloton over outside time limit came in (at about 35 minutes behind the leading group) showing the jury the time limit stretched causing all riders were the next leg back to departure. In the edition of 2006 came in the 16th stage to La Toussuire 54% of participants outside the time limit, then the jury also decided to stretch the time limit here. Also in the 18th stage of the Tour of 2011 was stretched, the time limit in the ride to the top of the Galibier 89 of the 168 riders came too late and was a general pardon by the price Directorate proclaimed.
List of Tour Directors[Edit][]
[37][38]Christian Prudhomme, the Tour Director*1903-1939- Henri Desgrange
- 1947-1961- Jacques Goddet
- 1962 – Jacques Goddet and Félix Lévitan -1986
- 1987- Jean-François Naquet-Radiguet and Xavier Louy
- 1988- Jean-Pierre Cantu and Xavier Louy
- 1989-1993- Jean-Marie Leblanc and Jean-Pierre Cantrell
- 1994-2000-Jean-Marie Leblanc and Jean-Claude Killy
- 2001-2005-Jean-Marie Leblanc and Patrice Clerc
- 2006-present- Christian Prudhomme and Jean-François Pescheux
Well-known losers[Edit][]
- Raymond Poulidor stood between 1962 and 1976 eight times on the podium, but never as a winner. He kept the nickname the eternal second to about.
- Laurent Fignon lost in 1989 by a boil in the final time trial the yellow to Greg LeMond with eight second gap.
- Luis Ocaña broke in 1971 in the descent of the Col de Mente his collarbone and had to leave the Tour in yellow.
- Michel Pollentier was in 1978 as a leader in the standings from the Tour after he put on the Alpe d'Huez to doping inspectors tried to lead.
- Hennie Kuiper took it never. In 1980, he finished second behind Joop Zoetemelk. In 1977 he was runner-up behind Bernard Thévenet, who later admitted having used doping that round. In 1978, he won third in the rankings after a mountain stage and a day later he went again into the attack. He crashed in the descent of the Col du Granier, broke a collarbone and had to give up.
- Roger Rivière fell in 1960 during the descent of the Perjuret, where he broke a vertebrae. Failed afterwards in the business life and died at the age of 40, to cancer.
- Sylvère Maes in 1937 left the Tour when he noticed how the jury was biased. He was pelted with stones by the public and even got pepper in the eyes interspersed.
- Maurice Garin was winner of the first Tour, but was downgraded in the Second Edition because he would have taken the train.
- Fiorenzo Magni left in 1950, along with the other Italian riders, the Tour because of threatening behavior of the French Tour-public.
- Erik Breukink was in 1991 promising for a high result but had to, with his teammates of PDM, the Tour leave after team doctor had administered a tainted nutritional supplement S.
- Jan Ullrich is not at all in this list of losers because he won the Tour in 1997. But in addition, he was no less than 5 times second (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003) and once third, 2005, although that last result decreased due to doping him later.
- Joseba Beloki fell heavily in 2003 came in a descent during the 9th stage. Lance Armstrong knew him, in yellow, just managed to Dodge and cut a piece of the trail down through a field.
- Floyd Landis was disqualified for doping in 2006.
- Andreas Klöden was in 2006, when Floyd Landis was disqualified, second behind Óscar Pereiro on only 32 seconds behind. Whatever the case for Klöden extra acid makes is that Pereiro had his victory is partly due to a long escape which received half an hour ahead of the Pack.
- Michael Rasmussen was in 2007 by his team Rabobank because of deception from the round reached, at the time he sat firmly in yellow.
- Riccardo Riccò in 2008 had two stage wins and the lead in the youth and mountains classification on bag, when he was picked up and out of the Tour because of doping use put.
- Andy Schleck was second in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Twice behind Alberto Contador and once behind Cadel Evans. Though the victory in 2010, assigned to him after Contador still because of doping was disqualified. [4]
- Lance Armstrong must have been 7 Tour victories from 1999 to 2005 returning because he was found guilty of using doping. No new winners preferred.
La Grande Boucle Féminine[Edit][]
Since 1984, there is likewise a tour de France for women (La Grande Boucle Féminine International or simply Le Tour Féminin). The Dutch leontien van Moorsel won the race in 1992 and 1993.
List of winners[Edit][]
Multiple winners[Edit][]
Riders in the italics are riders who now are still active.
| Victories | Rider | Country | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | Jacques Anquetil | [40] | 1957 + 1961 + 1962 + 1963 + 1964 |
| Eddy Merckx | [41] | 1969 + 1970 + 1971 + 1972 + 1974 | |
| Bernard Hinault | [42] | 1978 + 1979 + 1981 + 1982 + 1985 | |
| Miguel Indurain | [43] | 1991 + 1992 + 1993 + 1994 + 1995 | |
| 3 | Philippe Thys | [44] | 1913 + 1914 + 1920 |
| Louison Bobet | [45] | 1953 + 1954 + 1955 | |
| Greg LeMond | [46] | 1986 + 1989 + 1990 | |
| 2 | Lucien Petit-Breton | [47] | 1907 + 1908 |
| Firmin Lambot | [48] | 1919 + 1922 | |
| Ottavio Bottecchia | [49] | 1924 + 1925 | |
| Nicolas Frantz | [50] | 1927 + 1928 | |
| André Leducq | [51] | 1930 + 1932 | |
| Antonin Magne | [52] | 1931 + 1934 | |
| Sylvère Maes | [53] | 1936 + 1939 | |
| Gino Bartali | [54] | 1938 + 1948 | |
| Fausto Coppi | [55] | 1949 + 1952 | |
| Bernard Thévenet | [56] | 1975 + 1977 | |
| Laurent Fignon | [57] | 1983 + 1984 | |
| Alberto Contador | [58] | 2007 + 2009 |
Victories by country[Edit][]
| Victories | Country |
|---|---|
| 36 | [59] |
| 18 | [60] |
| 12 | [61] |
| 9 | [62] |
| 5 | [63] |
| 3 | [64] |
| 2 | [65] |
| 1 | [68] |
Performance[Edit][]
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||