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SNK

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This article is about the video game company and its predecessor, SNK Corporation. For other uses, see SNK (disambiguation).

SNK Corporation[1][2]
FormerlyOriginal company
Shin Nihon Kikaku
(1973-1986)[3]
SNK Corporation
(1986-2001)
Current company
Playmore Corporation
(2001-2003)
SNK Playmore Corporation
(2003-2016)
TypePublic
Traded as
KRX: 950180
FoundedJuly 22, 1978; 46 years ago (1978-07-22) (as Shin Nihon Kikaku Corporation)
August 1, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-08-01) (as Playmore Corporation)
FounderEikichi Kawasaki
DefunctOctober 30, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-10-30)
(original)
FateBankruptcy
SNK was unable to submit a proposed rehabilitation plan by the deadline, and the Osaka District Court decided to abolish civil rehabilitation proceedings
SuccessorSNK (2001–present)
HeadquartersSuita, Osaka, Japan (1978 – 2023)
Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan (2023 – present)
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Ge Zhihui (chairman, president)[4]
Kenji Matsubara (CEO)[5]
ProductsVideo game consoles
Arcade games
Pachislot machines
(2004-2015)
Mobile games
RevenueIncrease ¥3,105,000,000 (2017)[6]
Increase ¥115,000,000 (2015)[6]
OwnerMiSK Foundation (96.18%)[7]
Number of employees
Increase ~400 (as of December 2022)[8]
SubsidiariesShogun Studios
Neo Geo Comics
Playmore Creative House
SNK Electronics
Websitehttps://www.snk-corp.co.jp/

SNK Corporation (株式会社SNK, Kabushiki-gaisha SNK)[9] is a Japanese video game hardware and software company, founded on July 22, 1978 in Osaka, Japan.[1][10][11][12]

SNK is most notable for creating the Neo-Geo arcade system, and several franchises of games including The King of Fighters, Metal Slug, Samurai Shodown and Fatal Fury. SNK also helped publish many games including Rage of the Dragons, World Heroes, Ninja Master's and Sengoku along with Double Dragon for the Neo Geo hardware.

The company's journey featured a pivotal transition, Eikichi Kawasaki, SNK's founder, established another company, Playmore Corporation on August 1, 2001, just two months before the original SNK's closure due to bankruptcy in October 30, 2001,[13] to ensure that the company's properties would have an entity that can recover those. On July 2003, Playmore rebranded as SNK Playmore Corporation, seeking to reclaim its original identity. Playmore's resemblance to the original SNK led to a return to the original company name on December 1, 2016.

SNK is an acronym of Shin Nihon Kikaku (新日本企画, lit. "New Japan Project"), and was the company's legal name until it was shortened to SNK in 1986.

History[]

Beginnings (1973–1981)[]

Logo-shin-nihon-kikaku-1980-1981

Shin Nihon Kikaku Corporation Logo from 1978 to 1981

SNK was originally founded in 1973 as "Shin Nihon Kikaku" and reorganized on July 22, 1978 as a stock company (kabushiki gaisha) under the name of "Shin Nihon Kikaku Corporation".[2][3] When Eikichi Kawasaki noticed rapid growth in the coin-operated video game market, he expanded Shin Nihon Kikaku to include the development and marketing of stand-alone coin-op games.

SNK early logo

The SNK: Shin Nihon Kikaku Corp. Logo from 1982 to 1987 combined with original 1978 "S" Logo

The company was nicknamed "Shin Nihon Kikaku" in katakana at first, but since 1981 it has been changed to "SNK" (エス・エヌ・ケイ, lit. "Esu・Enu・Kē") by taking the initials from the Roman alphabet (Shin Nihon Kikaku). The English copyright notation was also "SNK CORPORATION". It established itself in Sunnyvale, California, to deliver its own brand if coin-operated games to arcades in North America. SNK chose John Rowe to head its American operation.

The first two titles that SNK released were Ozma Wars (1979), a vertical space shooter, and Safari Rally (1980), a maze game. Game quality improved over time, most notably with Vanguard (1981), a side-scrolling space shooter. SNK licensed the game to Centuri for distribution in North America. Centuri started manufacturing and distributing the game by itself when profits exceeded projections.[14] In part due to the success of Vanguard, SNK began to gain fame and reputation. An American branch opened on October 20, 1981, named SNK Electronics Corporation.[15]

SNK Corporation (1986–1999; first incarnation)[]

SNK logo future

Logo of slogan "The Future Is Now" SNK

In April 1986, the company name was changed to the nickname "SNK", but the registered trade name had to be "SNK Corporation" (株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ, lit. "Kabushiki-gaisha Esu・Enu・Kē").[1][10][11][12][3] This is because the Ministry of Justice at that time did not approve the registration of a trade name using the alphabet, as for ADK, NMK, TDK, and RKB Mainichi Broadcasting. In November 1986, the American subsidiary SNK Corporation of America[16] was born in Sunnyvale, California.[17][18] In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in Suita, Osaka, Japan.[19]

At this point, the Japanese operations of SNK Corporation had shifted their focus solely towards developing and licensing video games for arcade use and later for early consoles. Between 1979 and 1986, SNK produced 23 stand-alone arcade games. Highlights from this period include Mad Crasher (1984), Alpha Mission (1985), and Athena (1986), a game that gained a large following when it was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1987. SNK's most successful game from this time was Ikari Warriors, released in 1986. It was so popular that it was licensed and ported to the Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Commodore 64, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Apple II, ZX Spectrum, and NES. After Ikari Warriors, SNK released two sequels: Victory Road and Ikari III: The Rescue.[14]

Snk usa 1995

SNK Corporation of America Office in 1995

At the time, Japan was affected by the video game crash of 1983. The console manufacturer, Nintendo, remained in business throughout and after the crash. SNK became a third-party licensee for Nintendo's Famicom (alternative name for the NES) system in 1985. It opened a second branch in the US, called SNK Home Entertainment, based in Torrance, California. The branch handled the North American distribution and marketing of the company's products for home consoles. John Rowe had already left the company to form Tradewest, which went on to market the Ikari Warriors series in North America. Paul Jacobs took over Rowe's position over both halves of SNK America. He is known for having helped launch the company's Neo-Geo system outside of Asia.[14]

In response to strong sales of the company's NES ports, SNK began to dabble in the development of original software designed specifically for the NES console. Two games came out of this effort: Baseball Stars (1989) and Crystalis (1990) (known as God Slayer in Japan). 1989 also marked the release of two new home video game consoles in North America: the Sega Genesis and NEC's joint project with Hudson Soft, the TurboGrafx-16. Nintendo followed suit with a new system in 1991, the Super NES. Rather than become involved in the early 90s system wars, SNK Corporation in Japan, along with SNK Corporation of America, chose to refocus its efforts on the arcade market, leaving other third parties, such as Romstar and Takara, to license and port SNK's properties to the various home consoles of the time with help from SNK's American home entertainment division. With console ports mainly being handled outside the company, it moved on to developing SNK branded arcade equipment.[14] SNK also licensed Tiger Electronics to market handheld electronic games from some of its brands.

In 1988, SNK created the idea of a modular cabinet for arcades; up to that point, arcade cabinets typically contained only a single game. When an arcade operator wanted to switch or replace that game, it would have to completely remove the internals of the existing cabinet or exchange the entire setup for another game. SNK's new system, called Neo-Geo MVS (short for Multi-Video System), featured multiple games in a single cabinet and used a cartridge-based storage mechanism. The system debuted in 1990 and could contain one, two, four, or six separate games in a single cabinet. In order to swap in a new game, all the operator had to do was remove one cartridge and exchange it for another.

The MVS was an immediate success. Arcade operators loved it because the setup time required for each game was nearly nonexistent, the floor space required was minimal, and the cost outlay for new cartridges was barely $500—less than half of what a traditional arcade unit cost at the time. SNK also wanted to take advantage of people's desire to play arcade games at home, but without making the same compromises on CPU and memory performance that typical home consoles were forced to make.[14]

In 1990, the Neo Geo family was created, when the company released a home version of the MVS, a single cartridge unit called the Neo Geo Advanced Entertainment System, or more simply, the Neo Geo AES. Initially, the AES was only available for rent or for use in hotel settings, but SNK quickly began selling the system through stores when customer response indicated that people were willing to spend the money. Several franchises of games derived from it, including Sengoku, The King of Fighters, The Last Blade, Super Sidekicks, Art of Fighting, Metal Slug, Burning Fight, Samurai Shodown and Fatal Fury (the King of Fighters and Metal Slug series are still continued on newer consoles). SNK also helped publish third-party Neo-Geo games including ADK's World Heroes, Noise Factory's Rage of the Dragons and Sengoku 3, Sunsoft's Galaxy Fight: Universal Warriors and Waku Waku 7, and Technōs Japan's 1995 Double Dragon arcade game and Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer. Besides the Neo Geo series of games, it is notable for some stand-alone arcade games and home console ports of them, including Vanguard, Athena, Ikari Warriors, Psycho Soldier, Touch Down Fever, P.O.W.: Prisoners of War and Street Smart.[14]

Compared to other consoles at the time, the Neo Geo AES had much better graphics and sound. It featured two CPUs: a 16/32-bit Motorola 68000 main processor running at 12 MHz and a Zilog Z80 backup processor running at 4 MHz. The system's main CPU was just under 50% faster than the 68000 processor found in Sega's Genesis console. The Neo Geo AES also had the benefit of specialized audio and video chipsets. A custom video chipset allowed the system to display 4,096 colors and 380 individual sprites onscreen simultaneously—compared to 64 simultaneous colors, 2 background tile planes, and 80 individual sprites for the Genesis—while the onboard Yamaha YM2610 sound chip gave the system 15 channels of sound with seven channels reserved specifically for prerecorded ADPCM. However, since the Neo Geo's graphics processor did not support any background planes, they had to be simulated using sprites.[14]

This type of power carried a large price tag; the console debuted at $599, which included two joystick controllers and a game (either Baseball Stars or NAM-1975). Within a few months of the system's introduction in North America, SNK increased the cost to $649 and changed the pack-in game to Magician Lord. The console sold for $399 with one control stick and without a game. Other games cost $200 and up each. Each joystick controller was a full 2​1⁄2 inches tall, measured 11 inches long by 8 inches across, and contained the same four-button layout as the arcade MVS cabinet.

The quality of the games varied. Some, such as the Super Sidekicks series, were all-new creations, while others were updated versions of earlier successes, such as Baseball Stars Professional. SNK games were graphically bold and bright, with games such as Top Hunter: Roddy & Cathy and the famous Metal Slug series being distinctive and instantly recognizable, contributing to the system's success in the arcades.

It also produced the Neo Geo CD, the Hyper Neo-Geo 64 and two handheld systems, the Neo Geo Pocket and Pocket Color. Several of its more famous franchise titles, originally created for the MVS and AES systems, have been ported to other consoles such as the Sega Genesis, Saturn and Dreamcast, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation and PlayStation 2, Xbox, and more recently, the Wii.

The Neo Geo Pocket was SNK's original handheld system. It was released in Japan in late 1998, but quickly discontinued in 1999 in favor of the Neo Geo Pocket Color, due to lower than expected sales with the monochrome Neo Geo Pocket. The Pocket Color was later released in North America and Europe.

Bankruptcy due to civil rehabilitation failure (2000–2001)[]

SNK farewell

SNK's farewell image for fans. Posted on their old official site.

The year 2000 saw the beginning of the end for SNK. In January, its poor financial status led to an acquisition by Aruze, a company well known for its pachinko machines. Instead of using SNK's franchises for video games, Aruze manufactured pachinko machines featuring popular series such as King of Fighters. SNK saw little success on the video game market due to (reportedly deliberate) under-financing on Aruze's part.

The highlight of 2000 came when Capcom agreed to create a series of fighting games featuring both companies' fighting game characters. The Capcom vs. SNK games were a success, but most of the profits went to Capcom as it developed and published the games. SNK released SNK vs. Capcom: Match of the Millennium and SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters Clash on the Neo Geo Pocket Color. Combined, they sold an unremarkable 50,000 copies.

SNK closed all American, Canadian and European operations on June 13, 2000.[20][21] The company sold rights to distribution in North America for MVS arcade systems and Neo Print photo systems. It licensed North American localizations of some console releases to outside companies.

With low morale and an unclear future, many of the company's employees left their jobs.[2] Some joined rivals Capcom and Arc System Works, and others moved on to found the developer Dimps. Kawasaki, along with five other former SNK executives, funded the formation of BrezzaSoft, which continued to develop Neo Geo games such as The King of Fighters 2001.

FinalUp

Today it has updated the official site of the SNK company (www.neogeo.co.jp), where it says goodbye to all its fans and clients who since 1978 have made this a company that creates games of excellent quality, mostly over 23 years.

With a total debt of about 38 billion yen, SNK gave up on voluntary reconstruction, and on April 2, 2001, SNK applied for the application of the Civil Rehabilitation Law to the Osaka District Court, effectively going bankrupt.[22][23] The application was accepted, and the revitalization procedures were once proceeded, and the head office returned to Suita City, Osaka Prefecture.[24] The district court decided to abolish the civil rehabilitation proceedings on October 1, of the same year,[25][26] and declared bankruptcy on October 30.[27][28][29][30][31][13]

Licenses for SNK's game production and development rights to its franchises were sold to several other companies. These included BrezzaSoft, which produced The King of Fighters 2001, such as South Korean-based Eolith, which produced The King of Fighters franchise between 2001 and 2002, and Mega Enterprise, which produced Metal Slug 4.[14] In 2001, the Neo Geo family ended. It was briefly revived 11 years later with the Neo Geo X.[14]

Playmore Corporation (2001–2003)[]

Logo-playmore

Playmore logo from 2001 to 2003

Established as Playmore Corporation on August 1, 2001.[4][32] It was originally an affiliate of the former SNK. Initially, it was a legal company specializing in copyright management services, and it would be incorrect to refer to the former SNK as its predecessor company. On October 30, of the same year, the company won the company's intellectual property rights in a bid made during the bankruptcy of the former SNK.

In October 2002, Kawasaki sued Aruze for copyright infringement, claiming 6.2 billion Japanese yen (US$49,446,510) in damages. He cited that Aruze had continued to use SNK's intellectual properties after Playmore re-acquired them.

To re-establish its presence in the gaming market, Playmore acquired BrezzaSoft and its former SNK developers, as well as Japan-based Neo Geo developer Noise Factory. Sun Amusement, a Japanese commercial games distributor, was acquired by SNK to provide the company with an arcade distribution outlet in Japan. International offices were established in South Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States under the name SNK NeoGeo for commercial and, later, consumer gaming distribution.[33]

SNK Playmore (2003–2016)[]

SNK PLAYMORE LOGO

SNK Playmore logo from 2003 to 2013 (Green Playmore color used from 2003 to 2013)

In July 2003, with the permission of Eikichi Kawasaki, the founder of the former SNK company, the company changed its name to SNK Playmore Corporation.[34][35] In the same year, SNK purchased ADK shortly after it filed for bankruptcy. Previously, ADK was a third-party company that had been heavily associated with SNK since the late 1980s. SNK Playmore's operations in Japan already largely resembled the original company: SNK employed many employees who left after its bankruptcy filing and occupied its former building.[14]

In the fall and winter of 2003, SNK Playmore obtained an injunction against a group of four different companies, causing hundreds of AES cartridges to be seized. In the following year, SNK Playmore struck a compromise with two of the companies. The two were allowed to sell AES cartridges, under the conditions that the cartridges would not be modified again and that any legitimate materials would be returned to SNK Playmore.

A preliminary decision in January 2004 by the Osaka District Court favored SNK Playmore, awarding it 5.64 billion yen (US$44,980,374). Within the same year, SNK Playmore would discontinue the AES system, preferring to publish video games in cooperation with Sammy. Using its arcade board Atomiswave, SNK Playmore gained a more secure and modern platform for new arcade releases.[36] In 2004, SNK Playmore officially became licensed to manufacture pachislot machines (Japanese slot machines played in pachinko parlors). The company released its first two machines that year: Metal Slug and Dragon Gal. Pachislots would be more heavily featured in SNK Playmore's product lineup for the next decade.[37]

In September 2006, at the Tokyo Game Show, SNK Playmore announced that it has ceased production of games on the Atomiswave, favoring Taito's Type X2 arcade platform. To counter the decline in the commercial gaming industry, the company also shifted some of its development focus to consumer games, including original games for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, mobile phones, and more. Games continue to be ported to the PlayStation 2 (mostly in Europe, since most of the games did not get an approval from SCEA) and, in some cases, Microsoft's Xbox. In Japan, SNK Playmore released the NeoGeo Online Collection for the PS2 containing some of its older games, featuring emulations with the ability to play online via the KDDI matching service. The Art of Fighting Collection (published by Crave under the title of The Art of Fighting Anthology), Fatal Fury Battle Archives vols. 1 & 2 (published by SVG Distribution), World Heroes Gorgeous (published by SNK Playmore Corp., developed by Alpha Denshi Co., Ltd. (ADK), SNK Corporation, and known as World Heroes Anthology in the U.S.), and the SNK Arcade Collection vol. 1 have seen releases in the United States. There are also original titles based on its existing properties, such as Metal Slug 3D and the KOF: Maximum Impact series.

SNK Playmore promotional models at Tokyo Game Show 20070921 1

SNK Playmore exposition at the TGS 2007, including two promotional models dressed up as the company mascot Mai Shiranui (far left)

SNK Playmore USA released its first game on Xbox Live Arcade, titled Fatal Fury Special.[38] SNK is now currently supporting Nintendo's Virtual Console service on the Wii in the U.S. with Fatal Fury, Art of Fighting, and World Heroes. On the PS2, The King of Fighters XI, and Neo Geo Battle Coliseum came out for the PS2 in 2007 (with U.S. release dates of November 13 and December 17 respectively). SNK Playmore also released the first adult-themed game franchise for the Nintendo DS, Doki Doki Majo Shinpan!, the first so far for any handheld console.

SNK CORPORATION HEADQUARTERS

Second Headquarter in Suita, Osaka, Japan

In 2009, the company released The King of Fighters XII for arcades, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. The game was not well received by public and critics alike due to some polemic changes in the game's graphics and structure. In 2010, SNK Playmore decided to release a sequel, The King of Fighters XIII (also on arcades, 360 and PS3), which was considered a much better game than KOF XII and either won or was nominated to multiple Game of the Year awards.

In December 2012, SNK Playmore released the Neo Geo X, a relaunched mobile Neo Geo console. On October 2, 2013, SNK Playmore terminated its licensing agreement with the console's manufacturer Tommo, effectively ending production of the Neo Geo X less than a year after its release.[39][40] Tommo disputed the termination, stating that its contract was extended until 2016 and that it performed every obligation of the licensing agreement.[41]

SNK PLAYMORE LOGO BLUE COLOR

SNK Playmore era logo from 2013 to 2016 (SNK Blue color from 2013)

On June 29, 2013, the VIGAMUS, a museum of video games in Rome,[42] hosted an event dedicated to the history of SNK, tracing back the origins of the company and explaining the evolution of its games. Yamamoto Kei, Kiyoji Tomita, and Ogura Eisuke participated at the event and were interviewed. Ogura also drew two original illustrations to exhibit at the museum.[43]

Foreign acquisition and brand restoration (2016–present)[]

In March 2015, Leyou Technologies Holdings submitted a disclosure of interest document to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, highlighting a "possible investment in a renowned Japanese video game developer".[44] Later in August, it was announced that Chinese web and mobile game giant 37Games, and asset management firm Orient Securities had formed a joint venture to invest in Ledo Millennium, a subsidiary of Leyou. Through Ledo, the venture acquired Kawasaki's 81.25% stake in SNK Playmore for $63.5 million. The reason given for the acquisition was to gain rights to SNK Playmore's intellectual property, and further develop them by following Marvel Entertainment's approach to mass media. The joint venture planned to integrate games, comics, film, and television in a media franchise.[45][46]

With the purchase completed, SNK Playmore signaled a shift in the company's strategy, which had previously been focused more on the production of pachislot and mobile games than its traditional area, console and arcade games. In 2015, SNK Playmore announced that it was withdrawing from the pachislot market, choosing instead to focus on console and mobile gaming, as well as character licensing[47] using its popular characters such as Mai Shiranui, Ukyo Tachibana, Nakoruru, and Haohmaru. Additionally, all of the aforementioned characters made their appearance as guest characters in a mobile multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), Wangzhe Rongyao, roughly translated to English as Honor of Kings, which is the world highest-grossing game of all time as well as the most downloaded mobile app globally.[48][47]

SNK logo

SNK Corporation company logo (since 2016)

The Future Is Now, SNK Logo

Logo of the slogan "The Future Is Now"

On April 25, 2016, SNK officially dropped the "Playmore" name from its corporate logo and reintroduced its original slogan, "The Future Is Now", as a means to signify "a return to SNK's rich gaming history".[49] A legal name change from SNK Playmore Corporation to SNK Corporation followed on December 1, 2016,[9][50] to more firmly establish SNK Playmore as the successor to the old SNK brand and legacy.[34] The King of Fighters XIV, the first entry in its series on more than half a decade, was released in 2016. In July 2018, SNK released the NEOGEO Mini, a miniature console based on the design of the company's Japanese arcade machines. It was pre-loaded with forty classic Neo Geo games.[51]

In June 2019, the 12th entry in the Samurai Shodown[52] series was released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, followed by an arcade version in October and a Nintendo Switch version later in the year.

On September 4, 2019, Nintendo announced that Fatal Fury protagonist and The King of Fighters character Terry Bogard would be added as a downloadable, playable character to Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, with a planned release in November 2019.[53] Terry was made available on November 6, alongside a The King of Fighters-based stage and 50 songs from various SNK series.[54]

Shin-Osaka 2nd NK Building

Shin-Osaka 2nd NK Building where the head office is located

In November 2020, the MiSK Foundation, a non-profit organization owned by the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed Bin Salman, acquired a 33.3% share of SNK through its subsidiary, Electronics Game Development Company (EGDC), with the intention to acquire a further 17.7% share at a later time as to gain controlling interest in the company.[55]

In April 2021, three board members dispatched from Saudi Arabia were appointed. EGDC announced its intention to acquire 51% through additional purchases.[56] In February 2022, EGDC's ownership share was increased to 96.18%.[7][57][58] In May, of the same year, SNK notifies the delisting of your shares of the Korea Exchange (KOSDAQ) and EGDC's future plans to acquire all of the company's shares becoming its wholly owned subsidiary.[59] On March 20, 2023, SNK relocated its main headquarter to Yodogawa-ku, Osaka.[60]

Subsidiaries and related corporations[]

Current[]

  • SNK Entertainment - founded in February 2016 to contract and develop new digital entertainment including video games. It ramps up activity that surrounds SNK's library of intellectual properties with "new and exciting sublicensing opportunities and collaborations."[61]
  • SNK Beijing[4]
  • SNK H.K., Ltd. - handles character licensing, as well as hardware and software sales in East Asia (except for Japan).[62]
  • SNK USA Corporation - publisher of software and animation in America. Formerly known as "SNK Corporation of America", which originally handled publishing software sales in America from 1981 to 2000.
  • Playmore Creative House Co.,Ltd - It is a video game formatting company for SNK and other game companies.

Former[]

  • ADK - former game developer for the Neo Geo. SNK purchased its intellectual property assets when the company became bankrupt in 2003. Developed Aggressors of Dark Kombat, the Crossed Swords series, Gang Wars, Ninja Combat, Ninja Commando, Ninja Master's: Haō Ninpō Chō, Over Top, Shōgi no Tatsujin: Master of Syougi, Sky Soldiers, Sky Adventure, Super Champion Baseball, Time Soldiers, Twinkle Star Sprites, and the World Heroes series.
  • BrezzaSoft - co-developer of The King of Fighters 2001 with Eolith.
  • Eolith - co-developer of The King of Fighters 2001 with BrezzaSoft, co-developer of The King of Fighters 2002 with Playmore.
  • Face Co. Ltd - developer of Gururin, and Money Puzzle Exchanger, and ZuPaPa!.
  • Mega Enterprise - co-developer of Metal Slug 4 and Metal Slug 5 with Noise Factory.
  • Nazca Corporation - former game developer for the Neo Geo (Metal Slug and Neo Turf Masters), later acquired by SNK
  • Neo Geo do Brasil - handled hardware and software sales in Brazil from 1993 to 1998
  • Noise Factory - co-developer of Metal Slug 4 and Metal Slug 5 with Mega Enterprise, formerly owned by SNK.
  • Pallas - developed Eight Man and Super Baseball 2020.
  • Sacnoth - developed Dive Alert, Koudelka, and Faselei!.
  • Saurus - developed Ironclad, Pleasure Goal: 5 on 5 Mini Soccer, the Shock Troopers series, the Stakes Winner series, and The Irritating Maze. Co-developed Prehistoric Isle 2 with Yumekobo, co-developed Quiz King of Fighters with SNK, and co-developed Ragnagard with System Vision.
  • SNK Playmore Europe Corporation - handled software sales in Europe.
  • Sun Amusement - published Metal Slug 4 and The King of Fighters 2001.
  • Viccom - developed Fight Fever.
  • Yumekobo - developed Blazing Star, co-developed Prehistoric Isle 2 with Saurus.

See also[]

  • List of SNK games
  • SETA Corporation, former sister company

Videos[]

[]

Promotional Videos[]

ALL ABOUT SNK【SNKのすべて】[]

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Former SNK Official site" . SNK. 4 January 1997. Archived from the original on 4 January 1997. Retrieved 20 December 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "旧企業情報" . SNK. 6 August 2001. Archived from the original on 6 August 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2023. {{cite web}}:
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "SNK HISTORY — 株式会社SNK" . SNK Corporation. 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Corporate Information". SNK. Retrieved 2016-11-30. {{cite web}}:
  5. ↑ Romano, Sal (29 July 2021). "SNK appoints Kenji Matsubara as new CEO". Gematsu. Retrieved 25 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 14th Fiscal Period Publication, "Official Gazette (官報)" (Extra Edition No. 250), 2015 November 5, Page 62.Invalid language code.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Results of Tender Offer for the Korean Depository Receipts of SNK Corporation by Electronic Gaming Development Company" (PDF). SNK. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  8. ↑ Hayashi, Katsuhiko (2 December 2022). "PROFILE｜SNK CEO Famitsu Interview" . www.famitsu.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Announcement regarding SNK Corporation's name change". SNK. Retrieved 1 December 2016. {{cite web}}:
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "旧SNK 公式サイト" . エス・エヌ・ケイ. 12 October 2001. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 20 December 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "A site that mirrors the old SNK official website" . SNK. 12 October 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2023. {{cite web}}:
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "SNK Homepage". SNK. 5 October 2001. Archived from the original on 5 October 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 [1]
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 "The History of SNK". GameSpot. 2004-02-14. Retrieved 2014-10-03. {{cite web}}:
  15. ↑ "Le premier succès" . Neo-Geo Spirit. Retrieved 2023-08-10. {{cite web}}:
  16. ↑ "Original site SNK Corporation of America". snkusa.com. 1998-04-18. Archived from the original on 18 April 1998. Retrieved 2023-08-09. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  17. ↑ "About US at an archived version of the official SNK Corporation of America website". snkusa.com. 1999-10-05. Archived from the original on 5 October 1999. Retrieved 2023-08-09. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  18. ↑ "SNK devient un acteur majeur de l'arcade" . Neo-Geo Spirit. Retrieved 2023-08-09. {{cite web}}:
  19. ↑ "Photos of SNK's headquarters in Esaka (Suita, Ōsaka)" (PDF). Neo-Geo.com. Retrieved 2017-02-12. {{cite web}}:
  20. ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (9 June 2000). "SNK Closing Its Doors". IGN. Retrieved 26 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  21. ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (13 June 2000). "SNK Confirms US Closure". IGN. Retrieved 26 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
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  24. ↑ "SNK abandons voluntary reconstruction, moves to civil rehabilitation proceedings" . ITmedia. 2 April 2001. Retrieved 26 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  25. ↑ Kitamura, Takakazu (4 October 2001). "SNK abandons civil rehabilitation proceedings and releases "KOF2001" with a different distributor" . Impress. Retrieved 26 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  26. ↑ "SNKが再建を断念" . Gpara.com. 2 October 2001. Archived from the original on 17 December 2001. Retrieved 23 December 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  27. ↑ "エス・エヌ・ケイ フォーエバー". エス・エヌ・ケイ. 29 October 2001. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 29 October 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
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  29. ↑ "Declared bankruptcy to SNK, abolished civil rehabilitation proceedings" . ITmedia. 2 November 2001. Retrieved 26 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  30. ↑ "SNK Waves Goodbye". IGN. 30 October 2001. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  31. ↑ Seyoon Park, Andrew (29 October 2001). "SNK Corporation closes its doors". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2 November 2001. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  32. ↑ "Press Release - SNK Playmore". SNK Playmore. 2003-11-08. Archived from the original on 2013-12-01. Retrieved 2023-10-29. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  33. ↑ "Neo Geo Group Company Info" . www.snkneogeo.co.jp. 3 October 2002. Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "社名変更のお知らせ" . SNK Playmore. July 2003. Archived from the original on 25 November 2005. Retrieved 29 October 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  35. ↑ "Change of our Company Name". SNK Playmore. 2003-07-07. Archived from the original on 2003-08-04. Retrieved 2016-05-01. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  36. ↑ "SNK to Atomiswave: Company puts an end to the Neo Geo". IGN. 2004-02-20. Retrieved 2016-05-01. {{cite web}}:
  37. ↑ "パチスロ – 株式会社SNKプレイモア" . slot.snkplaymore.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2023-09-22. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  38. ↑ [2]
  39. ↑ "Termination of the License Agreement between Tommo and SNK Playmore USA Corp". Snk Playmore Usa. 2013-10-03. Archived from the original on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-07. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  40. ↑ Good, Owen (5 October 2013). "SNK Orders NeoGeo X Maker to End Production and Stop Selling It". Kotaku.com. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  41. ↑ "Tommo Responds to the Wrongful Termination Claim by SNK Playmore USA Corp". Tommo Inc. 2013-10-08. Archived from the original on 2013-10-11. Retrieved 2013-10-13. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  42. ↑ "Partner & Sponsor | Vigamus, Museo del videogioco di Roma" . Vigamus.com. Archived from the original on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2013-10-05. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  43. ↑ Eleonora L. (1 July 2013). "SNK Legends at Italian Museum of Videogames, Vigamus!". EIirgames.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  44. ↑ "Rumor: SNK Playmore acquired by Chinese Company – Dream Cancel". dreamcancel.com. 5 April 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-26. {{cite web}}:
  45. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (2015-08-06). "Chinese Company Buys Majority Stake in Japanese Game Developer SNK Playmore". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2023-09-22. {{cite web}}:
  46. ↑ "SNK Playmore acquired by Chinese Company – Dream Cancel". dreamcancel.com. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-26. {{cite web}}:
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Antonio Pineda, Rafael (November 3, 2015). "SNK Playmore Drops Slot Machines, Focuses on Smartphone/Consumer Games". AnimeNewsNetwork. Retrieved September 22, 2023. {{cite web}}:
  48. ↑ "Behind SNK's record-breaking IPO: Policies are heating up the gaming industry, and Junchuang Fund has made considerable returns" . stock.591hx.com. 2019-05-08. Archived from the original on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2023-09-22. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  49. ↑ "Announcement regarding SNK Playmore's Corporate Logo & Slogan changes" (PDF). www.snkplaymore.co.jp. 25 April 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  50. ↑ "Announcement regarding SNK Playmore's company name change". SNK Playmore. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  51. ↑ "NEOGEO Mini". SNK. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  52. ↑ "Review: Samurai Shodown" . IGN Brasil. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  53. ↑ D'Anastasio, Celinia (4 September 2019). "Fatal Fury's Terry Is Coming To Super Smash Bros". Kotaku. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  54. ↑ Martinez, Phillip (6 November 2019). "'Smash Ultimate' Terry Bogard Release Date and Specials Revealed". NewsWeek. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  55. ↑ Kerr, Chris (27 November 2020). "Saudi Arabian charity Misk acquires 33.3% stake in SNK". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}: ; deadurl
  56. ↑ Seoul, Riyadh (7 April 2021). "Appointment of Three Board Members from the Mohammed Bin Salman Foundation (MiSK Foundation) Announced at Shareholder Meeting of Japanese Gaming Company SNK" (PDF). SNK. Retrieved 25 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
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  58. ↑ Peters, Jay (5 April 2022). "SNK is now almost entirely owned by the Saudi crown prince's foundation". The Verge. Retrieved 23 September 2023. {{cite web}}:
  59. ↑ "Notice regarding delisting of SNK shares on the Korea Exchange (KOSDAQ)" (PDF) . SNK. 18 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2023. {{cite web}}:
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