Robin | |
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![]() Dick Grayson as Robin. Art by Mikel Janín. | |
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
First appearance | Detective Comics #38 |
Created by | Bill Finger Bob Kane Jerry Robinson |
Robin is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was originally created by Bob Kane, Bill Finger, and Jerry Robinson, to serve as a junior counterpart to the superhero Batman. The character's first incarnation, Dick Grayson, debuted in Detective Comics #38 (April 1940). Conceived as a way to attract young readership, Robin garnered overwhelmingly positive critical reception, doubling the sales of the Batman titles.[1] The early adventures of Robin included Star Spangled Comics #65–130 (1947–1952), which was the character's first solo feature. Robin made regular appearances in Batman related comic books and other DC Comics publications from 1940 through the early 1980s until the character set aside the Robin identity and became the independent superhero Nightwing. The team of Batman and Robin has commonly been referred to as the Caped Crusaders or Dynamic Duo.
The character's second incarnation Jason Todd first appeared in Batman #357 (1983). This Robin made regular appearances in Batman related comic books until 1988, when the character was murdered by the Joker in the storyline "A Death in the Family" (1989). Jason would later find himself alive after a reality changing incident, eventually becoming the Red Hood. The premiere Robin limited series was published in 1991 which featured the character's third incarnation Tim Drake training to earn the role of Batman's vigilante partner. Following two successful sequels, the monthly Robin ongoing series began in 1993 and ended in early 2009, which also helped his transition from sidekick to a superhero in his own right. In 2004 storylines, established DC Comics character Stephanie Brown became the fourth Robin for a short duration before the role reverted to Tim Drake. Damian Wayne succeeds Drake as Robin in the 2009 story arc "Battle for the Cowl".
Following the 2011 continuity reboot "the New 52", Tim Drake was revised as having assumed the title Red Robin, and Jason Todd, operating as the Red Hood, was slowly repairing his relationship with Batman. Dick Grayson resumed his role as Nightwing and Stephanie Brown was introduced anew under her previous moniker Spoiler in the pages of Batman Eternal (2014). The 2016 DC Rebirth continuity relaunch starts off with Damian Wayne as Robin, Tim Drake as Red Robin, Jason Todd as Red Hood, and Dick Grayson as Nightwing. Robins have also been featured throughout stories set in parallel worlds, owing to DC Comics' longstanding "Multiverse" concept. For example, in the original Earth-Two, Dick Grayson never adopted the name Nightwing, and continues operating as Robin into adulthood. In the New 52's "Earth-2" continuity, Robin is Helena Wayne, daughter of Batman and Catwoman, who was stranded on the Earth of the main continuity and takes the name Huntress.[2]
Fictional character biography[]
About a year after Batman's debut, Batman creators Bob Kane and Bill Finger introduced Robin the Boy Wonder in Detective Comics #38 (1940). The name "Robin the Boy Wonder" and the medieval look of the original costume were inspired by The Adventures of Robin Hood. Robinson noted he "came up with Robin Hood because The Adventures of Robin Hood were boyhood favorites of mine. I had been given a Robin Hood book illustrated by N. C. Wyeth ... and that's what I quickly sketched out when I suggested the name Robin Hood, which they seemed to like, and then showed them the costume. And if you look at it, it's Wyeth's costume, from my memory, because I didn't have the book to look at."[3] (Some later accounts of Robin's origin have stated that the name comes from the American robin bird, not from Robin Hood,[4] Frank Miller's All Star Batman and Robin being a notable exception. Sometimes both sources are credited, as in Len Wein's The Untold Legend of the Batman.) Although Robin is best known as Batman's sidekick, the Robins have also been members of the superhero group the Teen Titans—with the original Robin, Dick Grayson, as a founding member and the group's leader and with Tim Drake as the team leader as of 2012[update].
In Batman stories, the character of Robin was intended to be Batman's Watson: Bill Finger, writer for many early Batman adventures, wrote:
"Robin was an outgrowth of a conversation I had with Bob. As I said, Batman was a combination of Douglas Fairbanks and Sherlock Holmes. Holmes had his Watson. The thing that bothered me was that Batman didn't have anyone to talk to, and it got a little tiresome always having him thinking. I found that as I went along Batman needed a Watson to talk to. That's how Robin came to be. Bob called me over and said he was going to put a boy in the strip to identify with Batman. I thought it was a great idea."
The following fictional characters have assumed the Robin role at various times in the main DC Comics Universe continuity:
Dick Grayson[]

Dick Grayson as Robin in Batman #682 (January 2009). Art by Lee Garbett.
In the comics, Dick Grayson was an 8-year-old acrobat and the youngest of a family act called the "Flying Graysons". A gangster named Boss Zucco, loosely based on actor Edward G. Robinson's Little Caesar character, had been extorting money from the circus and killed Grayson's parents, John and Mary, by sabotaging their trapeze equipment as a warning against defiance. Batman investigated the crime and, as his alter ego billionaire Bruce Wayne, had Dick put under his custody as a legal ward. Together they investigated Zucco and collected the evidence needed to bring him to justice. From his debut appearance in 1940 through 1969, Robin was known as the Boy Wonder. Batman creates a costume for Dick, consisting of a red tunic, yellow cape, green gloves, green boots, green spandex briefs, and a utility belt. As he grew older, graduated from high school, and enrolled in Hudson University, Robin continued his career as the Teen Wonder, from 1970 into the early 1980s.
The character was rediscovered by a new generation of fans during the 1980s because of the success of The New Teen Titans, in which he left Batman's shadow entirely to assume the identity of Nightwing. He aids Batman throughout the later storyline regarding the several conflicts with Jason Todd until he makes his final return as the "Red Hood". Grayson temporarily took over as Batman (while Wayne was traveling through time), using the aid of Damian Wayne, making his newish appearance as "Robin", to defeat and imprison Todd.[5][6] With Bruce Wayne's return, Grayson went back to being Nightwing.
Jason Todd[]
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Cover of Batman #428 (December 1988) from the storyline A Death in the Family. Art by Mike Mignola.
DC was initially hesitant[citation needed] to turn Grayson into Nightwing and to replace him with a new Robin. To minimize the change, they made the new Robin, Jason Peter Todd, who first appeared in Batman #357 (1983), similar to a young Grayson. Like Dick Grayson, Jason Todd was the son of circus acrobats murdered by a criminal (this time the Batman adversary Killer Croc), and then adopted by Bruce Wayne. In this incarnation, he was originally red-haired and unfailingly cheerful, and wore his circus costume to fight crime until Dick Grayson presented him with a Robin suit of his own. At that point, he dyed his hair black.
After the mini-series Crisis on Infinite Earths, much of the DC Comics continuity was redone. Dick Grayson's origin, years with Batman, and growth into Nightwing remained mostly unchanged; but Todd's character was completely revised. He was now a black-haired street orphan who first encountered Batman when he attempted to steal tires from the Batmobile. Batman saw to it that he was placed in a school for troubled youths. Weeks later, after Dick Grayson became Nightwing and Todd proved his crime-fighting worth by helping Batman catch a gang of robbers, Batman offered Todd the position as Robin.
Believing that readers never truly bonded with Todd, DC Comics made the controversial decision in 1988 to poll readers using a 1-900 number as to whether or not Todd should be killed. The event received more attention in the mainstream media than any other comic book event before it. Readers voted "yes" by a small margin (5,343 to 5,271) and Todd was subsequently murdered by the Joker in the storyline, A Death in the Family, in which the psychopath beat the youngster severely with a crowbar, and left him to die in a warehouse rigged with a bomb.
Jason Todd later returned as the new Red Hood (the original alias of the Joker) when he was brought back to life due to reality being altered. After the continuity changes following the New 52 DC Comics relaunch, Jason becomes a leader of the Outlaws, a superhero team that includes Starfire and Arsenal who had spent years with Grayson in the Titans.
Tim Drake[]

Tim Drake in Supergirl vol. 5, #2 (November 2005). Art by Ian Churchill.
DC Comics was left uncertain about readers' decision to have Jason Todd killed, wondering if readers preferred Batman as a lone vigilante, disliked Todd specifically, or just wanted to see if DC would actually kill off the character. In addition, the 1989 Batman film did not feature Robin, giving DC a reason to keep him out of the comic book series for marketing purposes. Regardless, Batman editor Denny O'Neil introduced a new Robin. The third Robin, Timothy Drake, first appeared in a flashback in Batman #436 (1989).
In the comics, Tim Drake was a young boy who had followed the adventures of Batman and Robin ever since witnessing the murder of the Flying Graysons. This served to connect Drake to Grayson, establishing a link that DC hoped would help readers accept this new Robin. Drake surmised their secret identities with his amateur but instinctive detective skills and followed their careers closely. Tim stated on numerous occasions that he wishes to become "The World's Greatest Detective", a title currently belonging to the Dark Knight. Batman himself stated that one day Drake will surpass him as a detective. Despite his combat skills not being the match of Grayson's (although there are some similarities, in that they are far superior to Todd's when he was Robin), his detective skills more than make up for this. In addition, Batman supplied him with a new armored costume.
Tim Drake's first Robin costume had a red torso, yellow stitching and belt, black boots, and green short sleeves, gloves, pants, and domino mask. He wore a cape that was black on the outside and yellow on the inside. This costume had an armored tunic and gorget, an emergency "R" shuriken on his chest in addition to the traditional batarangs and a collapsible bo staff as his primary weapon, which Tim Drake continues to use as the superhero Red Robin.
The character was introduced as a happy medium between the first two Robins in that, from the readers' point of view, he is neither overly well behaved like Dick Grayson nor overly impudent like Jason Todd.[citation needed] Tim Drake is the first Robin to have his own comic book series, where he fought crime on his own. Tim Drake, as Robin, co-founded the superhero team Young Justice in the absence of the Teen Titans of Dick Grayson's generation, but would then later re-form the Teen Titans after Young Justice disbanded following a massive sidekick crossover during which Donna Troy was killed. Tim served as leader of this version of the Titans until 2009, at which point he quit due to the events of Batman R.I.P.
Following Infinite Crisis and 52, Tim Drake modified his costume to favor a mostly red and black color scheme in tribute to his best friend, Superboy (Kon-El), who died fighting Earth-Prime Superboy. This Robin costume had a red torso, long sleeves, and pants. It also included black gloves and boots, yellow stitching and belt, and a black and yellow cape. Tim Drake continued the motif of a red and black costume when he assumed the role of Red Robin before and during the events of the New 52.
Tim Drake assumes the identity of Red Robin after Batman's disappearance following the events of Final Crisis and "Battle for the Cowl" and Damian Wayne becoming Grayson's Robin. Following 2011's continuity changes resulting from the New 52 DC Comics relaunch, history was altered such that Tim Drake never took up the Robin mantle after Jason Todd's death, feeling that it would be inappropriate. Instead, he served as Batman's sidekick under the name of Red Robin.
Stephanie Brown[]

Stephanie Brown on the cover of Batgirl #53 (August 2004). Art by James Jean.
Stephanie Brown, Tim Drake's girlfriend and the costumed adventurer previously known as the Spoiler, volunteered for the role of Robin upon Tim's resignation. Batman fired the Girl Wonder for not obeying his orders to the letter on two separate occasions. Stephanie then stole one of Batman's incomplete plans to control Gotham crime and executed it. Trying to prove her worthiness, Brown inadvertently set off a gang war on the streets of Gotham. While trying to help end the war, Brown was captured and tortured by the lunatic crime boss Black Mask. She managed to escape but apparently died shortly afterwards due to the severity of her injuries. Tim Drake keeps a memorial for her in his cave hideout underneath Titans Tower in San Francisco. She appeared alive and stalking Tim, after his return from traveling around the globe with his mentor.[7] It turned out that Dr. Leslie Thompkins had faked Stephanie's death in an effort to protect her.[8] For years she operated on and off as the Spoiler, but was then recruited as Barbara Gordon's replacement as Batgirl. She had her own series as well as making appearances throughout various Batman and Batman spin-off series. Her time as Spoiler, Robin, and Batgirl was retconned to have never occurred after the Flashpoint event, with her being reintroduced having just become Spoiler in Batman Eternal.
Damian Wayne[]
Damian Wayne was the child of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, thus the grandson of the immortal Ra's al Ghul. Batman was unaware of his son's existence for years until Talia left Damian in his care. Damian was violent and lacking in discipline and morality, and was trained by the League of Assassins. Learning to kill at a young age, Damian's murderous behavior created a troubled relationship with his father, who vowed never to take a life.

Damian Wayne in Batman and Robin vol. 2, #5 (March 2012). Art by Patrick Gleason.
Originally conceived to become a host for his maternal grandfather's soul as well as a pawn against the Dark Knight, Batman saved his child from this fate which forced Ra's to inhabit his own son's body, and thus, Damian was affectionate to his father. After Batman's apparent death during Final Crisis, Talia left her son under Dick Grayson and Alfred Pennyworth's care and Damian was deeply affected by his father's absence. In the first issue of "Battle for the Cowl", Damian was driving the Batmobile and was attacked by Poison Ivy and Killer Croc. Damian was rescued by Nightwing who then tries to escape but was shot down by Black Mask's men. Nightwing tried to fight the thugs, but the thugs were shot by Jason Todd. After a fight between Nightwing and Todd, Todd eventually shot Damian in the chest. In the final issue of the series, Alfred made Damian into Robin. Damian's first task as Robin was to rescue Tim. After "Battle for the Cowl", Grayson adopted the mantle of Batman, and instead of having Tim (who he viewed as an equal, rather than a protégé) remain as Robin, he gave the role to Damian, who he felt needed the training that his father would have given him.
Following Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne and Flashpoint events, Bruce Wayne returned to his role as Batman while Dick resumed as Nightwing. As of the "New 52", Damian continued to work with his father, but temporarily gave up being Robin (as his mother put a price on his head), and went under the identity of Red Bird. Damian met his end at the hands of Heretic, an aged-clone of Damian working for Leviathan, bravely giving up his life.[9] Despite his status as deceased, Damian starred in his own mini-series, Damian: Son of Batman, written and drawn by Andy Kubert, set in a future where Damian is on the path to become Batman after his father fell victim to a trap set by the Joker. Batman eventually started a difficult quest to resurrect him, returning Damian to life with Darkseid's Chaos Shard.[10]
Other versions[]
Bruce Wayne[]
A Batman story from the 1950s featured the young Bruce Wayne assuming the identity of Robin, complete with the original costume, in order to learn the basics of detective work from a famous detective named Harvey Harris. The purpose of the secret identity was to prevent Harris from learning Wayne's true motivation for approaching him, which could have led to the detective attempting to discourage the boy from pursuing his obsession.[11] Though this story remained canonical through the most of the 1980s (it was revisited in the Untold Legend of the Batman miniseries in 1980), it was revised post-Crisis to edit out any reference to Bruce Wayne having ever called himself "Robin" or worn any costume before he finally donned his Batman costume as an adult.[12] John Byrne later worked this aspect into his non-canonical story Superman & Batman: Generations.
Post-Crisis, there was one instance in continuity when Bruce Wayne adopted the Robin persona. In Batboy & Robin, a tie-in special to the DC Comics storyline Sins of Youth, Bruce and Tim Drake, the third Robin, had their ages magically switched. In an effort to keep up the illusion of Batman, Bruce had Tim adopt the Batman identity while he is forced to be Robin.
Earth-Two Robin, before Crisis on Infinite Earths[]

Pre-Crisis Earth-Two Robin
On Earth-Two, home of the Golden Age version of DC's superheroes, Dick Grayson continued to be Robin even as an adult, having no successors, and even after Batman's death. His allies as a boy included the All-Star Squadron along with Batwoman and Flamebird.
By the 1960s, Grayson had become an adult, and was a lawyer and the ambassador to South Africa. He adopted a more Batman-like costume, but still fought crime as Robin. This adult version of Dick Grayson debuted in Justice League of America #55, where he also became a member of the Justice Society of America. Although in semi-retirement for a time, he was called back to active duty when he rejoined the Justice Society during the period when he, Power Girl and Star-Spangled Kid, assisted them as The Super Squad.
He appeared to have died during the 1985 miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths, in which the DC Multiverse was reduced to one Universe, and this version of Grayson, as well as the Earth-Two Batman, were deemed never to have existed. The Earth-2 concept was revived and reimagined twice subsequently, following the comic books 52 (2006–7) and Flashpoint (2011).
The Toy Wonder[]
In the DC One Million storyline, members of the Justice League of America encounter a variety of heroes from the future, including an 853rd-century Batman who patrols the prison planet Pluto. This version of Batman is accompanied by a robotic Robin who contains a transcribed copy of his own personality from before his parents were murdered by Plutonian criminals.
This Robin (who calls himself "the Toy Wonder") is a member of the Justice Legion T in addition to serving as a deliberate counterbalance to Batman's dark personality.
Elseworlds versions[]
Elseworlds versions of DC characters are ones that exist in alternate timelines or realities that take place in entirely self-contained continuities. In Elseworlds Robin has been a German immigrant during WWII named Richart Graustark, Bruce Wayne Jr (the son of Julia Madison and Bruce Wayne), a genetically enhanced ape named Rodney, a samurai named Tengu, a pirate's cabin boy, a girl traveling via space ship to a far off colonial planet, Bruce Wayne's nephew Thomas Wayne III, MI-6 agent Alfred Pennyworth, Bruce Wayne's sister during the Reign of Terror in France, and a Native American named Red Bird.
Carrie Kelley[]
In Frank Miller's non-canonical The Dark Knight Returns, the role of Robin is filled by Carrie Kelley, a thirteen-year-old girl. She becomes Robin, and is accepted by the Batman after she saves his life. Unlike the previous Robins, Carrie is not an orphan, but she appears to have rather neglectful parents who are never actually depicted (one of them mutters "Didn't we have a kid?" while their daughter is watching the fierce battle between Batman and the Mutants). It is hinted through their dialogue that they were once activists and possibly hippies during the 1960s, but have since become apathetic stoners. She was the first female Robin and the first Robin with living parents. In the sequel, Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again, 2001, Carrie dons the identity of Catgirl but still works as Batman's second-in-command.
She was also featured in an episode of Batman: The Animated Series entitled "Legends of the Dark Knight". She then appeared in Batman: The Brave and the Bold's episode entitled "Batman Dies At Dawn!" along with Dick Grayson, Jason Todd, Tim Drake, Stephanie Brown, and Damian Wayne. Kelley joined the New 52 DC universe in Batman and Robin #19, in a story titled Batman and Red Robin.[13]
Talon[]
Crime Syndicate version of Robin on Earth-3, associate of Owlman. Talon refers to Owlman as his father, whether he is the biological son of Thomas Wayne II or an alternate version of Jason Todd or Tim Drake is unknown. Talon first appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #32 (March 2006).
52 Multiverse[]
In the final issue of 52, a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown is one designated "Earth-2". As a result of Mister Mind "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-2, including Robin among other Justice Society of America characters.[14] Based on comments by Grant Morrison, this alternate universe is not the pre-Crisis Earth-2.[15] However, in the Justice Society of America Annual #1, published in the summer of 2008, Silver Scarab explains that the events of the Crisis are remembered by the people of this Earth-2, and from their perspective, Earth-2 seemed to be the only Earth to have survived the Crisis, raising theories as to whether or not Earth-2 was really destroyed, or was perhaps replaced by a new Earth-2. Indeed, in Justice Society of America #20, published in December 2008, Starman explains that during the re-expansion of the DC Multiverse, Earth-2 was reborn "along with everyone on it", including Robin.
Following Flashpoint (2011) and The New 52 reboot, this Earth is replaced by another reimagining of Earth 2, one where Batman's daughter Helena Wayne served as Robin until an incident five years prior to the relaunch sent her to DC's primary continuity, Earth-0, where she works as Huntress. The 2014 series Earth 2: World's End establishes that Dick Grayson never served as Robin on this Earth, and was instead a reporter who married Barbara Gordon and had a son. During Darkseid's invasion of Earth 2, Barbara is killed, and Dick is trained in how to fight by Ted Grant and goes on a mission to find his missing son.
Robin monthlies[]
The first Robin miniseries was printed in 1992 following Tim Drake's debut as Robin. The series centered around Tim's continued training and set up villains linked to the character. It was followed up by another series Robin II: Joker's Wild which pitted Tim against his predecessor's murderer the Joker. With Batman out of town, it was up to Tim and Alfred to end the Joker's latest crime spree. A final miniseries, Robin III: Cry of Huntress wrapped up the trilogy, teaming Tim with the Huntress. In 1993, the success of the three miniseries led to the ongoing Robin series which ran 183 issues until 2009. The title was replaced by a Batman and Robin series following the Battle for the Cowl mini-series, as well as an ongoing Red Robin monthly which continues the story of Tim Drake.
The ongoing Robin series has taken part in a number of crossovers with other comics, especially Batman and related series. These include:
- Robin #7: Knightquest: The Search
- Robin #8: KnightsEnd
- Robin #9: KnightsEnd: Aftermath
- Robin #11–13: Prodigal
- Robin #14: Troika
- Robin #27–28: Batman: Contagion
- Robin #32–33: Batman: Legacy
- Robin #52–53: Batman: Cataclysm
- Robin #67–73: Batman: No Man's Land
- Robin #86: Batman: Officer Down
- Robin #95: Joker: The Last Laugh
- Robin #98–99: Bruce Wayne: Murderer?
- Robin #129–131: Batman: War Games
- Robin #168–169: The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul
- Robin #175–176: Batman R.I.P.
In addition, two Robin related series launched in June 2015: We Are Robin, featuring writer Lee Bermejo and artists Rob Haynes and Khary Randolph, and detailing multiple teenagers in Gotham who take up the mantle of Robin and Robin, Son of Batman, written and drawn by Patrick Gleason, showing the individual adventures of Damian Wayne.
Reception[]
According to Entertainment Weekly in 2008, Robin is one of the "greatest sidekicks".[16]
Portrayals[]
Robin (Dick Grayson) was portrayed by Douglas Croft and Johnny Duncan, respectively, in the 1943 and 1949 fifteen chapter Batman serials. Burt Ward played him in the 1966–1968 Batman television series and the related 1966 film. In the live-action movies Batman Forever and Batman & Robin, he was played by Chris O'Donnell. Michael Cera voiced the character in The Lego Batman Movie.
The Dick Grayson version of Robin also appears in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Loren Lester. Grayson is replaced by Tim Drake, played by Mathew Valencia, in the subsequent series The New Batman Adventures.
The animated series Teen Titans features Robin (voiced by Scott Menville) as the leader of a team of young heroes; it is hinted in several episodes that this Robin is Dick Grayson. In the season two episode "Fractured", a version of Bat-Mite is introduced who claims to be Robin's "DNA buddy" (genetic twin). Bat-Mite gives his name as Nosyarg Kcid ("Dick Grayson" spelled backwards). In another episode, Raven reads Robin's mind and sees a man and a woman falling from a trapeze (an event known only to have happened to Grayson and not to any other Robin). In another episode, Starfire travels to the future and discovers that Robin has taken the identity of Nightwing. Menville reprises his role as Robin in Teen Titans Go!.
Robin is also seen in the 1987 Zeller's commercial, which features the infamous catchphrase, "Well said, Robin!".
Robin is voiced by Jesse McCartney in Young Justice.
Robin is portrayed by Nick Lang in Holy Musical B@man!. His portrayal is based mainly on Burt Ward's Dick Grayson.
Collected editions[]
Title | Material collected | Pages | Publication date | ISBN |
---|---|---|---|---|
Robin Vol. 1: Reborn | Batman (vol. 1) #455–457; Detective Comics (vol. 1) #618–621; Robin (vol. 1) #1–5 | 296 | November 10, 2015 | Paperback: 978-1401258573 |
Robin Vol. 2: Triumphant | Batman (vol. 1) #465, 467–469; Robin (vol. 2) #1–4; Robin (vol. 3) #1–6 | 360 | March 22, 2016 | Paperback: 978-1401260897 |
Robin Vol. 3: Solo | Robin (vol. 4) #1–5; Robin Annual (vol. 1) #1–2; Showcase '93 #5–6, 11–12 | 328 | December 6, 2016 | Paperback: 978-1401263621 |
Robin Vol. 4: Turning Point | Robin (vol. 4) #6–13; Showcase '94 #5–6 | 264 | July 25, 2017 | Paperback: 978-1401265878 |
Robin Vol. 5: War of the Dragons | Robin (vol. 4) #14–22; Robin Annual (vol. 1) #3; Detective Comics (vol. 1) #685–686 | 328 | January 2, 2018 | Paperback: 978-1401275129 |
Robin: Son of Batman Vol. 1: Year of Blood | Robin: Son of Batman (vol. 1) #1–6 | 176 | March 29, 2016 | Hardcover: 978-1401261559 Paperback: 978-1401264796 |
See also[]
- Homosexuality in the Batman franchise
- List of exclamations by Robin
References[]
- ↑ Daniels, Les (2004). Batman: The Complete History. Chronicle Books. p. 37. ISBN 0-8118-4232-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=73wknu2cVIkC.
- ↑ Motes, Jason (September 5, 2012)."Comic Book Review: 'World's Finest – Huntress and Powergirl' #0". ScienceFiction.com.
- ↑ The Comics Journal #271
- ↑ Bridwell, E. Nelson (w), Andru, Ross (p), Esposito, Mike (i). "The Origin of Robin" Batman 213 (July–August 1969), DC Comics
- ↑ Phillips, Dan (May 22, 2009). "Grant Morrison's New Batman and Robin". IGN. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: - ↑ George, Richard (March 11, 2009). "Grant Morrison Discusses Batman and Robin". IGN.
{{cite web}}
: - ↑ Robin (vol. 2) #172
- ↑ Robin (vol. 2) #174
- ↑ Batman: Incorporated #8
- ↑ Batman and Robin vol. 2 #37 (December 2014)
- ↑ Edmond Hamilton (w), Dick Sprang (p), Charles Paris (i). ""When Batman Was Robin"" 'Detective Comics' 226 (December 1955), DC Comics
- ↑ Mark Waid, Brian Augustyn (w), Val Semeiks (p), Michael Bair (i). ""Blood Secrets"" 'Detective Comics Annual' 2 (1989), DC Comics
- ↑ Esposito, Joey (April 5, 2013). "The Dark Knight Returns' Carrie Kelley is Back". Retrieved April 6, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: - ↑ 52 52: 13/3 (May 2, 2007), DC Comics
- ↑ Brady, Matt (May 8, 2007). "The 52 Exit Interviews: Grant Morrison". Newsarama. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
{{cite web}}
: $1; ; deadurl - ↑ Schott, Ben (March 21, 2008). "Schott's Miscellany Calendar 2009". Entertainment Weekly (New York: Workman Publishing).
External links[]
Extensive biography on Dick Grayson
Extensive biography on Jason Todd
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Storylines | "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" • "The Man Behind the Red Hood!" • "Joker's Millions" • "Year One" • "Year Two" • "A Death in the Family" • "Year Three" • "The Man Who Falls" • "Anarky in Gotham City" • "Gothic" • "The Return of the Joker" • "Prey" • "The Last Arkham" • "Knightfall" • "Leatherwing" • "Contagion" • "Legacy" • "Cataclysm" • "The Berlin Batman" • "No Man's Land" • "Bruce Wayne: Fugitive" • "Hush" • "Broken City" • "As the Crow Flies" • "War Games" • "Under the Hood" • "War Crimes" • "Face the Face" • "Batman & Son" • "Dark Moon Rising" • "The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul" • "Batman R.I.P." • "Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader?" • "Batwoman: Elegy" • "Bruce Wayne: The Road Home" • "Night of the Owls" • "Death of the Family" |
Intercompany crossovers | Batman/Aliens • Batman/Hellboy/Starman • Batman/Daredevil: King of New York • Batman/Judge Dredd: Judgment on Gotham • Batman & Spider-Man: New Age Dawning • Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-woman • Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles • Batman/The Spirit • Batman versus Predator • Daredevil/Batman: Eye for an Eye • Spawn/Batman • Batman-Spawn: War Devil • Superman and Batman versus Aliens and Predator • Spider-Man and Batman: Disordered Minds • Joker/Mask |
Incomplete or planned | All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder |
Related topics | Batman: Anarky | Batman: Child of Dreams | Batman: Haunted Knight | The Batman Chronicles | Batman Legends |
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Soundtracks | Films | Batman (score) • Batman (soundtrack) • Batman Returns • Batman Forever (soundtrack) • Batman Forever (score) • Batman & Robin • Batman Begins • The Dark Knight • The Dark Knight Rises • Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice |
Video games | Batman: Arkham City • Batman: Arkham Origins | |
Songs | TV series | "Batman Theme" • "Batusi" |
Batman | "Batdance" • "Partyman" • "The Arms of Orion" • "Scandalous!" • "The Future" | |
Batman Returns | "Face to Face" | |
Batman Forever | "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me" • "Kiss from a Rose" • "The Riddler" • "Where Are You Now?" | |
Batman & Robin | "The End Is the Beginning Is the End" • "Look into My Eyes" • "Gotham City" • "Foolish Games" • "Moaner" • "Lazy Eye" |
Justice League | ||
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Gardner Fox | ||
Affiliated teams | Extreme Justice • Just'a Lotta Animals • Justice Guild of America • Justice League 3000 • Justice League Dark • Justice League Elite • Justice League Europe • Justice League International • Justice League Queer • Justice League Task Force • Justice League United • Justice Legion Alpha • Justice Lords • Super Buddies • Super Jrs. • Young Justice | |
Publications | Storylines | "JLApe: Gorilla Warfare!" • "World War III" • "JLA: Tower of Babel" • "JLA: Earth 2" • "Justice Leagues" • "JLA: Pain of the Gods" • "The Lightning Saga" • "Blackest Night" • "Justice League: Origin" • "Throne of Atlantis" • "Trinity War" • "Darkseid War" • "Endless Winter" |
Current series | ||
Previous series | Justice League International • Justice League Europe • Justice League Quarterly v Justice League Task Force • Extreme Justice • JLA • Justice League Dark • Justice League United • Justice League 3000 • Justice League Odyssey | |
Limited series | DC Comics Two Thousand • JLA: Act of God • JLA: Age of Wonder • JLA: Created Equal • JLA: Destiny • JLA: The Nail series • JLA: Shogun of Steel • Justice • Justice League Elite • Justice League: Cry for Justice • Justice League: Generation Lost • Justice Riders • Identity Crisis • DCeased • Dark Knights of Steel • The Jurassic League | |
Crossovers | JLA/Avengers • JLA/The 99 • Justice League/Mighty Morphin Power Rangers • JLA/Cyberforce • DC/RWBY • RWBY/Justice League • Justice League vs. Godzilla vs. Kong | |
Related articles | A.R.G.U.S. • Bizarro League • Snapper Carr • JL8 • Justice League (Smallville) • Justice League in other media • Justice Society of America • List of Justice League members • List of Justice League titles • Rocket Red Brigade • Squadron Supreme |
Justice League International | ||
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Creators | Keith Giffen • J. M. DeMatteis | |
Initial members | Pre-Flashpoint | Batman • Black Canary/Dinah Laurel Lance • Blue Beetle/Ted Kord • Booster Gold • Captain Marvel • Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson • Linda Stauss) • Doctor Light/Kimiyo Hoshi • Green Lantern/Guy Gardner • Martian Manhunter • Mister Miracle |
The New 52 | August General in Iron • Booster Gold • Fire • Godiva • Green Lantern (Guy Gardner) • Ice • Rocket Red (Gavril Ivanovich) • Vixen | |
Supporting characters | L-Ron • Catherine Cobert • Maxwell Lord • Oberon • Superman | |
Enemies | Antagonists | Black Hand • Cadre • Darkseid • Despero • Doomsday • Kite Man • Lobo • Magog • Major Disaster • Manga Khan • Maxwell Lord •Neron • Queen Bee • Signal Men • Sinestro • Starbreaker • Weapons Master •Weather Wizard • Wizard |
Organizations | Extremists • Injustice League • Royal Flush Gang • Suicide Squad | |
Locations | Bialya • The Hall of Justice | |
Publications and storylines | Legends • Formerly Known as the Justice League • Justice League: Generation Lost | |
Spinoff teams | Extreme Justice • Justice League America • Justice League Europe • Justice League Task Force |
Superman / Batman crossover media | |
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Comic books | World's Finest Comics • Batman/Superman/Wonder Woman: Trinity • Superman/Batman • Superman and Batman versus Aliens and Predator |
Television | The Batman/Superman Hour • The Superman/Batman Adventures • The New Batman/Superman Adventures |
Books | Enemies & Allies |
Films | Superman/Batman: Public Enemies • Superman/Batman: Apocalypse • Lego Batman: The Movie – DC Super Heroes Unite • Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice |
Video games | Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes • Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham |
The Dark Knight Universe | The Dark Knight Returns (film) • The Dark Knight Strikes Again • The Dark Knight III: The Master Race |
Fan films and parodies | World's Finest • HISHE: Super Cafe |
Miscellanea | Composite Superman • Hiro Okamura |
Catwoman | ||
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Creators | Bob Kane • Bill Finger | |
Catwomen | Selina Kyle • Holly Robinson | |
Supporting characters | Batman • Batgirl (Barbara Gordon) • Slam Bradley • Harley Quinn • Helena • Holly Robinson • Leslie Thompkins • Nightwing (Dick Grayson) • Robin • Wildcat • Zatanna | |
Antagonists | Angle Man • Bane • Black Mask • Clayface • Film Freak • Hellhound • Hugo Strange • Hush • Joker • Penguin • Poison Ivy • Riddler • Scarecrow • She-Cat • Two-Face • Zeiss | |
Publications | Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham • Catwoman: When in Rome • Gotham City Sirens | |
In other media | Catwoman (film) • Chase Me • DC Showcase: Catwoman • Catwoman (video game) • Selina Kyle (Gotham character) | |
Related articles | Catwoman's Whip |
Batgirl | ||
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Creators | Bill Finger • Sheldon Moldoff • Gardner Fox • Carmine Infantino | |
Batgirls | Bette Kane • Barbara Gordon • Helena Bertinelli Cassandra Cain • Stephanie Brown | |
Supporting characters | Batman • Black Canary • James Gordon • Dick Grayson • Eddie Fyers • Connor Hawke • Oracle • Alfred Pennyworth • Proxy • Robin • Supergirl (Kara Zor-El/Kara Danvers) • Leslie Thompkins •Alysia Yeoh | |
Enemies | Black Mask • Brain • Brutale • Calculator • David Cain • Doctor Death • Doctor Psycho • James Gordon Jr. • Joker • Joker's Daughter • Killer Moth • Knightfall • Lady Shiva • Livewire • Madame Rouge • Mr. Freeze • Monsieur Mallah • Penguin • Poison Ivy • Riddler • Ravager • Scarecrow • Shadow Thief • Trigger Twins | |
In other media | The Batman/Superman Hour • The New Adventures of Batman • Batman & Robin • Gotham Girls | |
Related articles | Birds of Prey (Batgirl and the Birds of Prey) |
The Outsiders | ||
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Creators | Mike W. Barr • Jim Aparo | |
Members | Founding Members | Batman • Black Lightning • Geo-Force • Halo • Katana •Metamorpho |
Other Members | Arsenal • Atomic Knight (Gardner Grayle) • Batgirl (Cassandra Cain) • Captain Boomerang (Owen Mercer) • Captain Marvel Jr. • Grace Choi • The Creeper • The Eradicator • Sebastian Faust • Green Arrow • Indigo • Huntress (Helena Bertinelli) • Jade • Francine Langstrom • Looker • Nightwing • The Olympian • Owlman (Roy Raymond Jr.) • Red Robin • ReMAC • Starfire • Technocrat • Thunder | |
Supporting characters | Alfred Pennyworth • Checkmate • Helga Jace • Sapphire Stagg • Simon Stagg | |
Enemies | Bad Samaritan • Baron Bedlam • Brother Blood • Doctor Moon • Doctor Sivana • Duke of Oil • Felix Faust • Fearsome Five (Doctor Light • Gizmo • Mammoth • Psimon • Shimmer) • Force of July (Lady Liberty • Major Victory • Mayflower • Silent Majority • Sparkler) • Kobra • Masters of Disaster • Mr. Freeze • Nuclear Family • Sabbac (Ishmael Gregor) • SKULL • Strike Force Kobra (Lady Clayface • Planet Master • Zebra-Man) • Syonide • Tobias Whale | |
Locations | Batcave • Markovia • Stagg Enterprises |
The Birds of Prey | ||
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Creators | Chuck Dixon • Jordan B. Gorfinkel • Gail Simone | |
Main characters | Barbara Gordon • Black Canary | |
Notable members | Big Barda • Catwoman • Gypsy • Hawk and Dove • Hawkgirl (Kendra Saunders) • Huntress (Helena Bertinelli) • Jade Canary • Judomaster (Sonia Sato) • Katana • Lady Blackhawk • Manhunter (Kate Spencer) • Misfit • Poison Ivy • Strix | |
Supporting characters | Batman • Black Alice • Blue Beetle (Ted Kord) • Creote • Kurt Lance • Nightwing • Power Girl • Savant • Sin • Wildcat | |
Adversaries | The Calculator • Cheshire • Lady Spellbinder • Pistolera • Ra's al Ghul • Secret Six • The Society • Spy Smasher • Twelve Brothers in Silk and White Canary | |
In other media | TV series |
Teen Titans | ||
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Creators | Bob Haney • Bruno Premiani | |
Founding members | Aqualad/Garth • Kid Flash/Wally West • Robin/Dick Grayson • Wonder Girl/Donna Troy • Speedy/Roy Harper | |
Current members | Teen Titans | Robin/Damian Wayne • Kid Flash/Wallace West • Red Arrow/Emiko Queen |
Titans | Donna Troy • Beast Boy/Garfield Logan • Raven/Rachel Roth • Steel/Natasha Irons • Miss Martian/M'gann M'orzz • Green Lantern/Kyle Rayner | |
Notable members | Aqualad (Jackson Hyde) • Arsenal • Argent • Atom (Ray Palmer • Ryan Choi) • Baby Wildebeest • Blue Beetle/Jaime Reyes • Bombshell • Bumblebee • Bunker • Bushido • Captain Marvel Jr. • Cyborg • Damage • Duela Dent • Mal Duncan • Gnarrk • Hawk and Dove • Impulse/Kid Flash/Bart Allen • Hot Spot • Jericho • Kid Devil/Red Devil • Kole • Minion • Nightwing/Dick Grayson • Omen • Osiris • Pantha • Phantasm • Prysm • Ravager/Rose Wilson • Red Star • Risk • Robin/Red Robin/Tim Drake • Speedy/Mia Dearden • Solstice • Starfire/Koriand'r • Static • Superboy (Kon-El • Jonathan Samuel Kent) • Supergirl (Kara Zor-El • Matrix • Linda Danvers) • Tempest • Terra • Wonder Girl/Cassie Sandsmark | |
Supporting characters | Dubbilex • Justice League • Mento • Sarge Steel • Silas Stone • Thunder and Lightning • Wendy, Marvin and Wonder Dog | |
Enemies | Antagonists | Blackfire • Brain • Brother Blood • Cheshire • Cinderblock • Clock King • Copperhead • Deathstroke the Terminator • Ding Dong Daddy • Disruptor • Disruptor II • Doctor Light • Dreadbolt • General Immortus • Gizmo • Gorilla Grodd • H'San Natall • Hybrid • Jericho • Jinx • Lady Vic • Mad Mod • Madame Rouge • Mammoth • Mister Twister • Mongul • Monsieur Mallah • Persuader • Phobia • Plasmus • Psimon • Ravager • The Reach • Red Panzer • Shimmer • Siren • Superboy-Prime • Terra I • Trident • Trigon • Vandal Savage • Warp • Wintergreen • Zookeeper |
Organizations | Brotherhood of Evil • Dark Nemesis • Fearsome Five • H.I.V.E. • Tartarus • Terror Titans • Wildebeest Society | |
Locations | S.T.A.R. Labs • Tamaran • Titans Tower | |
Publications and storylines | "Superboy and the Legion" • Team Titans • Teen Titans Go! • Teen Titans: The Lost Annual • Tiny Titans • Titans Tomorrow • Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day • The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans | |
Affiliated teams | Doom Patrol • Legion of Super-Heroes • Titans East • Young Justice | |
In other media | Films | Trouble in Tokyo • Justice League vs. Teen Titans • The Judas Contract • Go! To the Movies • Go! vs. Teen Titans • Justice League Dark: Apokolips War |
Television | Teen Titans (episodes • characters • Red X) • Teen Titans Go! (episodes • characters • "The Night Begins to Shine") • Titans | |
Video games | Teen Titans (2005) • Teen Titans (2006) |
Golden Age of Comic Books | ||
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All-American Comics |
The Atom (Al Pratt) • Black Canary • Doctor Mid-Nite • Doiby Dickles • The Flash (Jay Garrick) • The Gay Ghost • Green Lantern (Alan Scott) • Hawkgirl • Hawkman • Hop Harrigan • Johnny Thunder and Thunderbolt • Justice Society of America • The King • Mister Terrific (Terry Sloane) • Red Tornado (Ma Hunkel) • Sargon the Sorcerer • Ultra-Man • The Whip • Wildcat • Wonder Woman | |
Archie Comics | The Black Hood • Captain Flag • The Comet • The Firefly • The Fox • The Shield • The Web • The Wizard | |
Centaur Comics | Airman • Amazing-Man • The Arrow • The Clock • The Eye • The Fantom of the Fair • The Masked Marvel • Minimidget | |
National Allied | Air Wave • Aquaman • Batman • Crimson Avenger • Dan the Dyna-Mite • Doctor Fate • Doctor Occult • Genius Jones • Green Arrow • Guardian • Hourman • Johnny Quick (Johnny Chambers) • Liberty Belle • Manhunter • Merry, the Girl of 1000 Gimmicks • Mister America • Robin (Dick Grayson) • Robotman • Sandman • Sandy the Golden Boy • Shining Knight • The Spectre • Speedy (Roy Harper) • Star-Spangled Kid • Starman (Ted Knight) • Stripesy • Superboy (Kal-El) • Superman • Tarantula • TNT • Vigilante • Wing • Zatara • Seven Soldiers of Victory | |
Fawcett Comics | Bulletgirl • Bulletman • Captain Marvel • Captain Marvel Jr. • Captain Midnight • The Golden Arrow • Ibis the Invincible • Lieutenant Marvels • Mary Marvel • Master Man • Minute-Man • Mr. Scarlet • Phantom Eagle • Pinky the Whiz Kid • Spy Smasher | |
Fox Comics | Black Fury • Blue Beetle • The Bouncer • Bronze Man • Dynamo • The Flame • Green Mask • Samson • Spider Queen • Stardust the Super Wizard • U.S. Jones • V-Man • Wonder Man | |
Nedor Comics | American Crusader • American Eagle • Black Terror • Captain Future • Cavalier • Doc Strange • Fighting Yank • The Ghost • Grim Reaper • Judy of the Jungle • Lance Lewis, Space Detective • Liberator • The Magnet • Miss Masque • Princess Pantha • Pyroman • The Scarab • The Woman in Red | |
Quality Comics | #711 • The Black Condor • Blackhawk • Blue Tracer • Bozo the Iron Man • Captain Triumph • The Clock • Doll Girl • Doll Man • Firebrand • The Human Bomb • The Invisible Hood • The Jester • Kid Eternity • Lady Luck • Madame Fatal • Magno • The Manhunter • Merlin the Magician • Midnight • Miss America • Mouthpiece • Neon the Unknown • Phantom Lady • Plastic Man • Quicksilver • The Ray • Red Bee • Red Torpedo • The Spider • Spider Widow • Uncle Sam • Wildfire • Wonder Boy | |
Timely Comics | The Angel • Black Marvel • The Black Widow • The Blazing Skull • The Blonde Phantom • The Blue Diamond • Breeze Barton • Bucky (Bucky Barnes) • Captain America • Citizen V • The Destroyer • Dynamic Man • Father Time • Ferret • Fin • Golden Girl • The Human Torch • Jack Frost • Laughing Mask • Marvel Boy • Miss America • Mercury • Namor • Namora • The Patriot • Red Raven • Sun Girl • Toro • Thin Man • Thunderer • Venus • The Vision • The Whizzer | |
Misc. | Anglo-American Publishing (Commander Steel) • Bell Features (Johnny Canuck • Nelvana of the Northern Lights •The Brain) • Cardal Publishing (Streamline) • Columbia Comics (The Face • Skyman) • Crestwood Publications ([[Atomic-Man] • Black Owl • Green Lama) • David McKay Publications (Vulcan) • Dell Comics (Owl) • Dynamic Publications (Dynamic Man • Yankee Girl) • EC Comics (Moon Girl) • Elliot Publishing Company (Kismet, Man of Fate) • Eastern Color Printing (Hydroman) • Frew Publications (The Phantom • Mandrake the Magician) • Harvey Comics (Black Cat • Captain Freedom • Shock Gibson • Spirit of '76) • Holyoke Publishing (Cat-Man and Kitten • Miss Victory) • Lev Gleason Publications (Captain Battle • Crimebuster • Daredevil • Silver Streak) • Maple Leaf Publishing (Iron Man • Brok Windsor) • Novelty Press (Target Comics (Target and the Targeteers) • Blue Bolt • Dick Cole, The Wonder Boy • Twister) • Rural Home Publications (The Green Turtle) |
Gotham | ||
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Episodes | Season 1 | "Pilot" • "Selina Kyle" • "The Balloonman" • "Arkham" • "Viper" • "Spirit of the Goat" • "Penguin's Umbrella" • "The Mask" • "Harvey Dent" • "Lovecraft" • "Rogues' Gallery" • "What the Little Bird Told Him" • "Welcome Back, Jim Gordon" • "The Fearsome Dr. Crane" • "The Scarecrow" • "The Blind Fortune Teller" • "Red Hood" • "Everyone Has a Cobblepot" • "Beasts of Prey" • "Under the Knife" • "The Anvil or the Hammer" • "All Happy Families Are Alike" |
Season 2 | "Rise of the Villains" ("Damned If You Do..." • "Knock, Knock" • "The Last Laugh" • "Strike Force" • "Scarification" • "By Fire" • "Mommy's Little Monster" • "Tonight's the Night" • "A Bitter Pill to Swallow" • "The Son of Gotham" • "Worse Than a Crime") • "Wrath of the Villains" ("Mr. Freeze" • "A Dead Man Feels No Cold" • "This Ball of Mud and Meanness" • "Mad Grey Dawn" • "Prisoners" • "Into the Woods" • "Pinewood" • "Azrael" • "Unleashed" • "A Legion of Horribles" • "Transference" | |
Season 3 | "Mad City" ("Better to Reign in Hell..." • "Burn the Witch" • "Look into My Eyes" • "New Day Rising" • "Anything for You" • "Follow the White Rabbit" • "Red Queen" • "Blood Rush" • "The Executioner" • "Time Bomb" • "Beware the Green-Eyed Monster" • "Ghosts" • "Smile Like You Mean It" • "The Gentle Art of Making Enemies") • "Heroes Rise" ("How the Riddler Got His Name" • "These Delicate and Dark Obsessions" • "The Primal Riddle" • "Light the Wick" • "All Will Be Judged" • "Pretty Hate Machine" • "Destiny Calling" • "Heavydirtysoul") | |
Season 4 | "A Dark Knight" ("Pax Penguina" • "The Fear Reaper" • "They Who Hide Behind Masks" • "The Demon's Head" • "The Blade's Path" • "Hog Day Afternoon" • "A Day in the Narrows" • "Stop Hitting Yourself" • "Let Them Eat Pie" • "Things That Go Boom" • "Queen Takes Knight") | |
Characters | James Gordon • Bruce Wayne • Fish Mooney • Oswald Cobblepot |