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in: 1839 births, 1906 deaths

Paul Cézanne

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Paul Cézanne (Aix-en-Provence, 19 January 1839 – died October 22, 1906) was a French painter. Cézanne belongs to the post impressionism, a European art movement that follows the Impressionism. His work formed a bridge between Impressionism and Cubism.

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[hide]*1 early life

Biography[Edit][]

Paul Cézanne was born as a son of the late Louis-Auguste Cézanne hats trader and banker and Anne-Elisabeth Honorine Aubert. His parents were married in 1844, after the birth of Paul and his sister Marie (1841).

Already during his school time, starting from 1856 Cézanne, followed an evening course drawing at Joseph-Marc Gibert at the museum of Aix. Between 1859 and 1861 he studied at the same time, rights, but Cézanne attended drawing and painting lessons. He worked temporarily at the bank from his father, but this pleased him not. Against the wishes of his father chose Cézanne for art. He succeeded his friend Émile Zola to Paris. His father, who was very wealthy-he was after first Milliner to have been a founder of the bank Cézanne & Cabassol-supported him could be financially independent anyway, so then Cézanne.

In Paris, he studied at the Académie Suisse. In 1863, he tried to be admitted to the Art Academy, but when that failed he continued his studies at the Académie Suisse. Between 1863 and 1869 he tried to exhibit at the official Paris salon, but was denied each time. He exhibited with others on the Salon des Refusés (Salon of the geweigerden) in 1863.

In 1869 he learned know Hortense the Salon . They went secretly living together and kept their relationship secret for a long time and their son Paul Cézanne's father, that this relationship would not approve.Eventually he met his approximately 11-year-old grandson. The Salon rejected Cézanne Hortense.

In 1872 he lived in Auvers-sur-Oise. He met Camille Pissarro and other impressionists, but found little connection with them. He worked in the House of doctor Paul Gachet. In 1874 the Impressionists organized their first joint exhibition in the Studio of the photographer Nadar. Paul Cézanne let there be three paintings: Une modern Olympia, La Maison du pendu and Étude, paysage d'Auvers.

He did in 1874 with the first exhibition of the Impressionists in Paris. In 1875 the second exhibition of the Impressionists, however, little work place, where he sold. In 1877 was the third exhibition there again there is a lot of criticism on the Impressionists. Paul Cézanne left in 1885 to Gardanne, a small village near Aix. Here he makes several paintings of the Montagne Sainte-Victoire.

In 1882, twenty years after his first attempt, at the end of the work of Cézanne was allowed in the Salon.

After the death of his father in 1886, he received a large inheritance, whereby he was financially independent. He married in the same year, the salon with Hortense, after 20 years to have cohabited with her.Cézanne has about 25 portraits of her, among other things been sitting in a red armchair. Did Cézanne In 1887 along with the exhibition of Les XX in Brussels. In 1895 the ambitious gallery owner Ambroise Vollardexhibited work of Cézanne. Many supporters had Cézanne still not.

Paul Cézanne established themselves permanently In 1897 in Aix-en-Provence. After the universal exhibition of 1900 in Paris, on which three paintings by Cézanne were exhibited, he finally began to be known also abroad. His paintings hung in the Viennese Secession. From about 1901 Cézanne admired by younger artists such as Maurice Denis, Pierre Bonnard and Édouard Vuillard. They came to Aix to see him painting and for Sage advice.

Paul Cézanne died on 22 October 1906 to pneumonia in Aix-en-Provence. He seems to have been a surly, self-centered person, with few friends.

Salon d'Automne of 1907 on the works of Paul Cézanne exhibited are 56. Emile Bernard published in Le Mercure de France two parts with memories of Cézanne.

Influences[Edit][]

Cézanne was since childhood, since 1852 when they were sitting on the Collège Bourbon, friends with writer Émile Zola, but was later disagreement with him through the description that Zola gave by Cézanne and the dissolute life of the Impressionists in his novel L'Oeuvre (the masterpiece from 1886).

Cézanne works of Eugène Delacroix and Nicolas Poussin which hung in the Louvre . He also admired Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet. Cézanne painted In 1888 along with Renoir. In 1894 he had contact withClaude Monet in Giverny. He also met the sculptor Auguste Rodin.

Work[Edit][]

[1][2]Heracles saves the dead Alcestis from the underworld; clipped from an early painting from 1867

The work of Cézanne is divided into four periods. The years listed are global, an exact dating of the paintings of Cézanne is missing usually.

Romantic period[Edit][]

The paintings from 1865-1870, from the early 'romantic' period are extremely personal, individualistic work. Cézanne used violent and bizarre fantasies in hard, gloomy colors, usually "earth tones" (see the example of Herakles).

Impressionist period[Edit][]

In the period from the beginning of 1870 he painted in Impressionist style, which he however made use of predominant areas in his composition.

Constructive style[Edit][]

[3][4]The card players from 1890 – 92 in constructive painting style, Musée d'Orsay

In the period from about 1880 to about 1890 he painted in a constructive style, with parallel and powerful strokes of his brush (see the example of The card players). In this period he painted also landscapes, among other of his stay by July 1878 to March 1879 in L'Estaque near Marseille, for example rock landscape at l'Estaque, 1879-1882 in the Museu de Arte de São Paulo and the sea at l'Estaque, 1878-1879 in the Musée Picasso in Paris. He still lifes and portraits.

Last period[Edit][]

[5][6]Bathing women, Philadelphia Museum of Art

In the last period, from about 1888 to 1906, in which also having moved to Aix-en-Provence, Cézanne worked in 1897 to fell several large paintings with naked bathing women.

He also made some paintings of card players, such as the paintings The card players 1890-1892 that hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and The card players from 1893-1896 in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

He also painted often Mont Sainte-Victoire mountain near his home (this mountain also appears on the painting of Herakles to stand). In 1901 Paul Cezanne bought a country estate North of Aix where he had his Studio. From his atelier Cézanne could see this mountain, as well as the intermediate Valley. Between 1902 and 1906, the mountain in much work back. He observed him and tried out the shapes and colors to decipher the deeper meaning of nature. See Montagne Sainte-Victoire (Paul Cézanne) .

In later years, Cézanne himself to painting still lifes, especially the many images of a fruit Bowl with very impressive by the powerful use of colour and texture of the fruit.The still lifes in the paintings appear realistic, but there are special effects that make the work much more powerful than a purely realistic image can do. The ones where the fruit on lies are often tilted forward. It seems the table often broken by a vertical element such as a bottle (see the example of the still life). In this last phase of its development is the paint area lighter.

Paul Cézanne also painted several self-portraits.

List of paintings[Edit][]

Cézanne made about 950 oilpaintings and watercolorsby the 650. Some of his paintings:

Self Portraits[Edit][]

Paul Cézanne painted a number of self-portraits. This he painted mainly in the second half of the nineteenth century, at a time when the photography yet (almost) did not exist.

Up to the self portraits of Cézanne include:

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