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Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir

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Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug and Cat Noir
Also known as
  • Miraculous
  • Miraculous Ladybug
  • Ladybug & Cat Noir
  • Ladybug
Genre
Created byThomas Astruc
Based onMiraculous Ladybug PV/OVA anime version by Zagtoon, Method Animation, & Toei Animation
Developed byZagtoon
Method Animation
Toei Animation
Jeremy Zag
Nathanaël Bronn (Graphic Bible)
Written byThomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
Directed by
  • Thomas Astruc
  • Christelle Abgrall (season 2)[8]
  • Jeremy Paoletti (season 2)
  • Benoît Boucher (seasons 2–3)
  • Wilifried Pain (seasons 2–3)[8]
  • Jun Violet (seasons 2–3)[8]
Voices of
Theme music composerJeremy Zag & Noam Kaniel (Noam)
Lyrics: Alain Garcia
Opening themeEnglish: "It's Ladybug!" performed by Wendy Child and Cash Callaway
French: "Une Ladybug", Marily and Noam
Ending theme"Une Ladybug"/"It's Ladybug!" (instrumental)
Composers
  • Jeremy Zag
  • Noam Kaniel (Noam)
  • Alain Garcia
Country of origin
  • France
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • South Korea
[1][2][3][4]
Original languages
  • French
  • Italian
  • Korean
  • Japanese
No. of seasons4
No. of episodes78 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producers
  • Pascal Boutboul
  • Sébastien Thibaudeau
  • Jean-Yves Patay
  • Hiroyuki Kinoshita
  • Ryuji Kochi
  • Pierre Belletante
  • Suhoon Kim
  • Stella Noh
  • Alexandre Lippens (season 1)
  • Jared Wolfson (season 1)
  • Cédric Pilot (season 1)
  • Kevin Marciano (seasons 2–3)
  • Magali Bion (seasons 2–3)
  • Camille Oesch (seasons 2–3)
Producers
  • Jeremy Zag
  • Aton Soumache
Running time22 minutes
Production companies
  • Zagtoon
  • Method Animation
  • Toei Animation (TV Series only)
  • SAMG Animation (season 1-3)[9][10]
  • PGS Entertainment[6] (season 1)
  • De Agostini Editore S.p.A. (seasons 2–3)
  • DQ Entertainment (seasons 2–5)[3][9][10]
  • Assemblage Entertainment (seasons 3–5)[3][9][10]
  • Canais Globo (seasons 3–5)[4]
Distributors
Budget112 million dollar[13]
Original release
Network
  • TF1 (France)
  • EBS 1 (South Korea)
  • DeA Kids (Italy)
ReleaseSeptember 1, 2015 (2015-09-01) –
present (present)

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir[14][15] (French: [Miraculous, les aventures de Ladybug et Chat Noir] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help); also known as Miraculous Ladybug[6][16][17] or Miraculous[18][19]) is a computer-animated superhero television series. The series focuses on two Parisian teenagers, Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste, who transform into the superheroes Ladybug and Cat Noir, respectively, to protect the city from supervillains. The series is co-produced by French studios Zagtoon and Method Animation, in co-production with Toei Animation, SAMG Animation (Series 1-3), SK Broadband (Series 2-present), De Agostini Editore S.p.A. (Series 2-present) with the participation of Disney Channel (Series 1), TF1, AB Droits Audiovisuels, SK Broadband (Series 1), EBS (Series 2) and The Walt Disney Company France (Series 3-present).

Prior to its debut in France on October 19, 2015 on TF1,[20] the series was first shown in South Korea on September 1, 2015 on EBS1.[21] In the United States, the series originally debuted on Nickelodeon on 6 December 2015 before the show was removed from the network's schedule in 2016. On 8 April 2019, the series was officially picked up by Disney Channel and began airing since then. It also aired on the KidsClick programming block until its shutdown on 31 March 2019. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the show premiered on 30 January 2016 on Disney Channel[22] and aired until 30 September 2020, when the channel closed in the country, transferring all its content to Disney+.

Plot[]

In modern-day Paris, teenagers[23][24][n 1] Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste[26] transform into superheroes when evil arises. Marinette transforms into her superhero persona, Ladybug, while Adrien transforms into his superhero persona, Cat Noir, using magical jeweled objects known as the Miraculous. Not knowing each other's true identities, the two work together to protect Paris from the mysterious villain, Hawk Moth, who covets and attempts to steal their powers by using his akuma, butterflies infused with negative energy, to transform Paris' everyday citizens into supervillains through a negative emotion that they have recently felt or are feeling.[23][27]

The first season ends with Marinette meeting Master Fu, the Guardian of the Miraculous, the man who gave Marinette and Adrien their Miraculous. The second season opens with Hawk Moth's identity being revealed as none other than Adrien's father Gabriel Agreste. It is also revealed that his motive for wanting to take Ladybug and Cat Noir's miraculous is to combine them, which would allow their user to use their ultimate power to make a wish come true which can alter reality. Gabriel's wish is to heal his wife, who is in an eternal sleep after using the peacock miraculous. This season also sees Marinette under Fu's tutelage, learning about the Miraculous. Circumstance requires Marinette to loan various Miraculous to friends and allies to fight some supervillains for temporary purposes (similar to the Marvel Family). These allied heroes are called back at the season's end when Hawk Moth manages to traumatize over two dozen civilians. The heroes are victorious, but Hawk Moth manages to escape with the aid of the Peacock Miraculous holder Mayura who turns out to be Gabriel's assistant Nathalie. Later on, Marinette and Adrien also share an intimate moment at the park.

Hawk Moth continues his campaign in season three aided by Mayura and her Sentimonsters, creatures created from charged feathers called amoks. Marinette calls upon even more allies to become Miraculous heroes while her nemesis Lila allies herself with both Gabriel and Hawk Moth, unaware that the two individuals are the same person. Two plot arcs include Nathalie's failing health from using the damaged Peacock Miraculous and Ladybug's refusal to give the Bee Miraculous to Chloe, leading her to betray Ladybug and side with Hawk Moth. By the end of the season, Gabriel gets the information he needed from Fu to repair the Peacock Miraculous while Fu's guardian status is passed to Marinette.

Episodes[]

Main article: List of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir episodes

List of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir episodes

Characters[]

Main article: List of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir characters

Production[]

Budget

Although most of the time, making a TV series animation is done at a low cost, but the budget for making a ladybug was $ 112 million.This statistic was given by imdb.[28]

Conception and creation[]

The series is based on an original concept created by French animator, Thomas Astruc,[29] who was inspired by a meeting with a certain lady, Japanese anime, and "decades of comics binge reading".[30] In an interview with Nolife, Astruc said he was working as an animator on the show W.I.T.C.H. when he met a woman wearing a T-shirt with a ladybug on it. They began to share drawings, some of which were ladybug-themed. Astruc also noted that Marinette's hair was styled after the woman. They also worked on the cartoon A.T.O.M. around 2004–05. Astruc first drew Ladybug on sticky notes and remarked about how strong the Ladybug character was. He had had a couple of memories of seeing ladybug-themed superheroes in comics.[31]

Astruc had intended to make Ladybug a comic book series until he met Jeremy Zag, who loved the project and wanted to produce it as a cartoon; Zag was 25 at the time and not originally from the cartoon industry.[31]

In developing Cat Noir, Astruc said that ladybugs represented good luck, so it was natural to partner her with a black cat character with bad luck powers. Cat Noir was a tribute to comic characters, like Catwoman. So it was like having Catwoman and Spider-Man in the same show but reversed genders and roles.[31]

A character named Félix was originally going to have the role of Cat Noir,[32] but he was later scrapped in favor of Adrien Agreste because the creative team felt that Félix was a cliché of a male anime protagonist and that Adrien would allow them to tell more interesting stories.[33][34] In September 2015, Astruc indicated that he was open to revisiting the character of Félix,[35] but he abandoned it by February 2016, writing that the character was a poor idea.[36] Years later, in 2019, Félix was remade as Adrien's cousin and was renamed Félix Graham de Vanily.Template:Update inline

Hiring companies[]

In 2010, the show was announced at Cannes' MIPCOM with French production groups Univergroup Pictures and Onyx Films heading the project and working with Method Animation and Zagtoon. Aton Soumache of Onyx and Method[37] said that they want "to create a glamourous superhero character with a real European flair with Paris as [the] backdrop". The producers had also planned to animate it in stereoscopic 3D (currently, the show is produced using CGI animation).[29]

In the summer of June 2012, Toei Animation Co., Ltd., the famous Japanese animation studio branch owned & operated by Toei Company, Ltd. in Japan, was announced as a co-producer.[37] Two years before 2012, Toei Animation had released a PreCure film that was set in Paris, France and was very interested in expanding their international audience.[31] Even after the production moved to CGI animation, Toei still remained co-producer, with the executive producers from the company being credited.[38]

On 21 November 2012, a memorandum of understanding between Zagtoon, Method Animation, SAMG Animation and SK Broadband was announced: together, the companies would invest US$50 million through 2017 into five projects. The first of these projects was developed into Miraculous, which received an investment of $10 million. As a part of the deal, SK Broadband would have exclusive rights in South Korea for video on demand release, available to the subscribers of the company's IPTV platform B TV.[39][40]

Animation[]

When Toei Animation joined as a co-producer in the summer of June 2012, it was also announced that the show would be drawn in a colourful manga-like style.[37] Later in September, Zagtoon, Method, & Toei released a traditionally-animated promotional video for Miraculous Ladybug.[16][17] The video featured Marinette (in different clothes similar to the clothes in the current series) as Ladybug, and a (now-scrapped, later Adrien's cousin) different character named Félix as Cat Noir,[32] Marinette and Félix's Kwamis, Tikki and Plagg, Hawk Moth/Gabriel (without the mask and with a different outfit, look, and lair compared to the current series), and also the akumatized villains, The Mime and Mr. Pigeon. Their Miraculouses and their transformation sequences had a different look similar to the Miraculouses and the transformations in the current series. The demo song from the promotional music video was performed & composed by Noam, who would later compose music and perform songs for the current series.[10][41][42]

The whole anime concept was a complete success; but there were concerns about the marketability of traditional 2D animation and the difficulty in animating Ladybug's costume of red with black spots, as it caused some strobing effects.[31] Executive producer Jared Wolfson said that Zag wanted the animation to be cinematic and epic, unique and different, and said that they are continuing to partner with Toei as it brings in the Asian inspiration and that a 2D version of the show might be a potential product for future purposes.[43][44][45][46][47][48]

The aforementioned problem with 2D animation was resolved by moving to CGI animation; the switch also allowed for easier implementation of mobile camera angles.[31] SAMG Animation, a CGI animation studio located in South Korea which officially joined in the production in the fall of November 2012,[39][40] produced modeling and animation.[49] Zag latter recalled that SAMG was chosen for quality reasons in a video message he sent to a South Korean press conference held in 2015 by the Seoul-based company.[50] Astruc and assistant director, Wilfried Pain, instructed the animators not to improvise scenes so that they could keep things consistent and understandable.[31] Pain estimated about 350–400 shots are used in a typical 20-minute episode; with 10 panels per shot, that makes up to 4000 panels an episode.[31] Wolfson said that the show's animation brings dynamic camera angles and texturing.[43] A trailer with the new CGI-animated style was released in October 2013, a year later.[51]

On 22 January 2018, Zag posted on Instagram that the crew was working on season 4 and season 5.[52]Template:Better source

Themes, writing and process[]

The concept for the show originally dealt with political themes, geared towards teens and young adults. However, after failing to gain traction with networks, it was retooled for a younger target audience.[53]:40 Astruc said that he is delighted that the show is able to reach younger and older people.[31]

Each episode takes around 3 months to write, from scratch to final validation of broadcasters.[54] Assistant director, Wilfried Pain, said that each episode is composed of two parts: a sitcom aspect where the characters have to speak for themselves, and an action element where the camera is always moving.[31]

The music & songs was done by Noam Kaniel, who had also worked on action superhero shows such as X-Men, Code Lyoko, W.I.T.C.H., Fantastic Four, Power Rangers, Digimon Fusion and Glitter Force.[43][55] The theme song was written by Kaniel and Zag. The English lyrics were done by Alain Garcia and performed by Wendy Child and Cash Callaway.[56] The French version was performed by Marily and Noam (Noam Kaniel).[57]

Release[]

International Broadcast[]

Astruc representatives have said that the show has reached over 120 countries.[31] Disney Channel has broadcasting rights in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Japan and Latin America are able to broadcast the series with participation from the Walt Disney Company France: specifically, it acquired cable and satellite television rights in Europe, Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, and free-to-air rights in Spain, Germany, Russia and Turkey.[6][58]

South Korea[]

South Korea was the first country to premiere Ladybug, with girl group Fiestar to sing its translated theme song. It aired on 1 September 2015 on EBS1[21] and ran for 13 episodes until November 2015, with repeats through February 2016, and the second half of the season began airing on 1 March 2016. SK Broadband, having participated in the production, provided the episodes on video on demand exclusively to subscribers of their IPTV platform B TV, about a half-hour following the South Korean broadcast of each one on EBS1.[39][59] Disney Channel in South Korea has also aired the series as of 7 December 2015.[60]

France[]

In France, the series premiered on 19 October 2015 on the Tfou programming block on TF1.[20]

Season 2 premiered with a Christmas special in December, 2016[61] with further new episodes in France on TF1's TFOU block on 26 October 2017[62] [63] and other channels throughout Europe.[64] Netflix began streaming the series, starting with the Christmas special, on 20 December 2016.[65]

America[]

In the United States, the series originally debuted on Nickelodeon on December 6, 2015.[66][67][68] The show aired on KidsClick from July 3, 2017 to March 29, 2019, and that run on TV was ended on March 31, 2019 due to low ratings.[69][70] On April 8, 2019, Disney Channel acquired the rights to broadcast the first two seasons with the third season being aired starting June 1st, 2020 and ending December 5th with the episode Chris Master. Disney USA later acquired the exclusive rights to stream the series & tv specials on their service, Disney+. Disney Channel will air these seasons and specials first. [71]

Canada[]

In Canada, the show premiered in French on 9 January 2016 on Télé-Québec, a provincial public service television network in Quebec.[72] The series was broadcast in English on Family Channel starting on November 1, 2016.[73]

Britain[]

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the show premiered on 30 January 2016 on Disney Channel[22][74] and premiered in February 2017 on Pop.[75]

New Zealand[]

In New Zealand, the show premiered on 27 April 2016 on TVNZ's TV2.[76]

Japan[]

In Japan, Disney Channel streamed the episode "Stormy Weather" through its mobile application on 1 July 2018 before the official premiere on 23 July of the same year.[77][78][79][80][81]

Spain[]

The world premiere of season 3 was in Spain on Disney Channel on 1 December 2018.[82][83] In France, on TFOU, it premiered on 14 April 2019.[84][85]

India[]

It also aired in India on Disney Channel. Season 1 was premeried in June 2019 in English and also dubbing in Hindi both languages and season 2 was premeried on Disney International HD on August 2019 but only in English language. Season 2 is since came late having Hindi dub language on Disney Channel in December 2020 on Disney Channel and Hungama TV.


Ireland[]

Among the free-to-air terrestrial television broadcasters in the Republic of Ireland, Raidió Teilifís Éireann premiered the show in 2021 on RTÉ2's teenage programming block,

Related[]

A spin-off series, Miraculous Chibi, premiered on 31 August 2018 on Youtube and on major broadcast channels.[86][87] and since late-2019 on Disney Channel Latin America.

Reception[]

Critical reception[]

Kimberly Cooper, a blog writer who has contributed to news media such as The Huffington Post,[88] wrote that the show has inspired teens and adults to create and propagate Miraculous remixes and liked that the show featured multiracial characters as with the film Big Hero 6, which had won an Oscar. She "quickly realized there was a far cooler and broader Miraculous movement underway".[89] Caitlin Donovan of the entertainment website, Epicstream, listed it as one of her top 10 animated series of 2015. She wrote that, "The characters are so charming that the tropey aspects of the show are merely a lot of fun, rather than irritating." with creative fights and good CGI animation. She wrote that, "Marinette is an adorable lead who is genuinely awkward as a civilian, but confident as a superhero, which makes for an interesting contrast."[90] Ella Anders of BSCKids wrote that the show stands out because of "how it meshes both the magical girl and superhero genera together".[91] Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times described the show as "clever, romantic, fun, the way some of us prefer our superhero stories". He found the characters to "have the look of extruded plastic common to CGI cartoons", but "within these limits the design is lovely and the animation elegant, and a lot of work has gone into the staging and execution of the action scenes".[5]

The North American Precis Syndicate called the show "authentic and aspirational – a story of today's modern everygirl superhero who comes to life. The series, about a young girl who taps into her superhero powers and innocent optimism to save Paris from the evil Hawk Moth, will no doubt inspire today's youth to try to save the day, each and every day in their own way."[92] Andrea Reiher of Zap2It wrote that the "storylines are rich with family, friends, adventure, intrigue, villains, creativity and more, delivering themes that are relatable and relevant to kids and preteens" and anticipated it would be a huge hit on Nickelodeon.[93]

Several media reviewers have anticipated Miraculous-brand toys to be among the hot superheroine properties for 2016.[94][95] Zag has partnered with Bandai to release Miraculous-based toys as well as deals to make Miraculous-brand clothing and other merchandise.[6][43]

Awards and nominations[]

Year Award Category Nominee Result
2016 Brazilian Toy Magazine Awards[96] Best National Toy of 2016 Miraculous Won
Best Brand of 2016 Miraculous Won
Ri Happy Awards[96] Best Brand of 2016 Miraculous Won
Latam Expo Licensing Awards[96] Best Brand of 2016 Miraculous Won
2017 Brazilian Toy Magazine Awards[96] Best National Toy 2017 Miraculous Won
Licencias de Actualidad[96] Best License of the Year Miraculous Won
Best Entertainment License Miraculous Won
Best Promotion Tosta Rica Ladybug Won
2017 OVA-ies TV Animation Awards[97] Best Animated Main Character of 2017 Marinette Dupain-Cheng Nominated
Best Visuals for an Animated Show of 2017 Miraculous Ladybug Nominated
2018 Teen Choice Awards[96][98] Choice Animated TV Show Miraculous Won
The UK Licensing Awards 2018[96] Best Children's or Tween Licensed Property Miraculous Nominated
Best Licensed Children's Apparel Range Miraculous Nightwear for Character.com from Aykroyd and Sons Nominated
Brazilian Toy Magazine Awards[96] Best National Toy 2018 Miraculous Won
Bologna Licensing Trade Fair[96] Best Property Kids Miraculous Won
2018 OVA-ies TV Animation Awards[99] Best Animation Main Character of 2018 Marinette Dupain-Cheng Won
Best Animation Supporting Character of 2018 Hawk Moth Nominated
2019 Bologna Licensing Trade Fair[96] Special Award Fashion Kids with Miraculous by Guess Miraculous Won
The 2019 Tell-Tale TV Awards[100] Favorite Animated TV Series Miraculous Won
2020 Bologna Licensing Awards[101] Best Preschool Licensing Project Capsule Collection Chicco Miraculous Won
BroadwayWorld Spain Awards Best Theatrical Event musical Miraculous: The Ladybug Show Won
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico Best Animated series of the Year Miraculous Won

Other media[]

An endless runner video game was developed by TabTale and released in April 2018 as a mobile app.[102][103] In April 2019 was announced new mobile game[104] and in May 2019 it was presented by Jeremy Zag.[105]

An animated musical film, titled Ladybug & Cat Noir Awakening, is in development and slated for release in 2021. A live-action television series is also in the works.[106][107]

On December 6, 2020, Zag announced that a manga adaptation will begin serialization in Kodansha's Monthly Shōnen Sirius magazine beginning in the March issue in January 2021.[108]

Notes[]

References[]

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ Milligan, Mercedes (8 April 2019). "ZAG's 'Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir' Hits Disney Channel". {{cite web}}:
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Winny (2019-09-11). "Desperada was made by DQ and Reflecta by Assemblage (new studio, it was a first)". @Winny_BayDay. Retrieved 2019-09-11. {{cite web}}:
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Gloob vira co-produtor de maior sucesso: As Aventuras de Ladybug". Observatório da Televisão . 2019-08-17. Retrieved 2019-08-17. {{cite web}}:
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lloyd, Robert (27 August 2016). "'Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir,' a French turn on teenage superheroes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 March 2017. {{cite web}}:
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Miraculous". PGS Entertainment. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2020. {{cite web}}:
  7. ↑ Collins, Elle (3 December 2000). "Teen French Heroes Ladybug & Cat Noir Arrive on Nickelodeon". Comics Alliance. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016. The influence of the Magical Girl genre is inescapable; when Marinette's mother is captured in a bubble and carried off into the sky, apparently along with every adult in Paris, Marinette transforms into the red and black Ladybug in a series of twirls and poses. She even has the guidance of some kind of talking ladybug creature, called a kwami, fulfilling another Magical Girl trope. {{cite web}}:
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Astruc, Thomas [@Thomas_Astruc] (3 May 2016). "Delighted to announce: @WinnyGZ @happyhappykuri & Jun Violet will now direct the show with me. Plz greet'em warmly!" (Tweet). Retrieved 26 June 2016 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}:
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 vacaciones 🎅), Miraculous Mexico (de (2020-01-10). "Digo, ya que salio el peine, confirmo que el estudio SAMG ya no animara en la S4. La animacion de S4 y S5 (hasta ahora) estara a cargo de DQ y Assemblage (que animaron Reflekdoll) u otro estudio, si asi lo deciden.

    RIP animacion bonita u.uht tps: / /twitter.com/fenarinarsa/status/1215604301357309953 ..."     @MiraculousMX . Retrieved 2020-01-12.     {{cite web}}:
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Christmas! 🎄, 🎄Feri (2020-01-11). "It was revealed korean studio SAMG wont be animating on S4 and S5 of Miraculous. SAMG was the studio with the best, most beautiful animation, which means that now that theyre gone, the future seasons will be animated by least experiences studios like DQ". @Ferisae_. Retrieved 2020-01-12. {{cite web}}:
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "ミラキュラス レディバグ＆シャノワール | 東映アニメーション". www.toei-anim.co.jp . Retrieved 2019-10-27. {{cite web}}:
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "ミラキュラス レディバグ＆シャノワール - 作品ラインナップ - 東映アニメーション". lineup.toei-anim.co.jp. Retrieved 2019-12-10. {{cite web}}:
  13. ↑ https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2580046/. {{cite web}}: ; title
  14. ↑ Jayson, Jay (9 September 2015). "Miraculous Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir To Debut in December on Nickelodeon". Comicbook.com. Retrieved 21 February 2016. {{cite web}}:
  15. ↑ McLean, Tom (4 December 2015). "ZAG's 'Miraculous' Debuts Dec. 6 on Nick". Animation Magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2016. ZAG Animation's long-in-the-works superhero animated series Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir, debuts in the United States at noon ET/PT Dec. 6 on Nickelodeon. {{cite web}}:
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Komatsu, Mikikazu (4 September 2012). "Toei helps creating a new French magical girl show". Crunchyroll. a new TV anime series called Lady Bug or Miraculous Ladybug {{cite web}}:
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Loo, Egan (5 September 2012). "Zagtoon, Toei's Ladybug Animated Trailer Streamed". Anime News Network. {{cite web}}:
  18. ↑ Keslassy, Elsa (6 June 2012). "Japan's Toei to co-produce 'Miraculous'". Variety. https://variety.com/2012/tv/news/zagtoon-to-produce-knight-five-1118055093/. "Zagtoon has enrolled Japan's Toei Animation to co-produce "Miraculous" (working title), a Paris-set comedy-action series" 
  19. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalin (6 June 2012). "Toei Animation to Co-Produce French Cartoon Miraculous". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-06-06/toei-animation-to-co-produce-french-cartoon-miraculous. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Miraculous va enchanter TFou ! sur TF1". Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2015. {{cite web}}:
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 (in ko) (Press release). Educational Broadcasting System. 22 July 2015. http://about.ebs.co.kr/board/bbs?boardTypeId=1&boardId=31&cmd=view&postId=10002048953&uri=&tabVal=. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Stormy Weather". TV Guide UK. Retrieved 5 February 2016. {{cite web}}:
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "PGS Secures Deals For 'LadyBug'". Animation Magazine. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2015. {{cite web}}:
  24. ↑ Keslassey, Elsa (29 January 2012). "Zagtoon Pictures' pipeline includes $50 million 'Lady Bug'". Variety. https://variety.com/2012/digital/news/univergroup-sets-up-s3d-animation-arm-1118049431/. 
  25. ↑ @Thomas_Astruc (24 February 2016). "@AllergicCatLady @MiraculousLadybug_Cartoon Because canon langage is french and fansubbing always contain errors" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 March 2016 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}:
  26. ↑ "zag inc". zagtoon.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015. {{cite web}}:
  27. ↑ Miraculous Ladybug – 6 Things You Need To Become A Miraculous Superhero – Nick. YouTube. 12 December 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlAp0sIOPEc. 
  28. ↑ (in en) Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (TV Series 2015– ) - IMDb, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2580046/, retrieved 2021-01-29 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Keslassy, Elsa (4 October 2010). "Duo prep S3D superhero toon – 'Lady Bug' to involve toys, comicbooks, Apple apps". Variety. Retrieved 26 January 2016. Univergroup Pictures and Onyx Films are joining forces to produce 'Miraculous Lady Bug' {{cite web}}:
  30. ↑ Astruc, Thomas. "Miraculous Thomas Astruc FAQ". Tumblr. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016. {{cite web}}:
  31. ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 Nolife (8 March 2016). 101 PUR 100 No. 23 Thomas Astruc & Wilfried Pain (Miraculous Ladybug). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrSLlWH9uuY. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 @Thomas_Astruc (23 September 2015). "@WatermelonSoup in the trailer, the male character you're talking is called Félix" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 March 2016 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}:
  33. ↑ @Thomas_Astruc (27 October 2015). "@raff_rafflesia Me too. Adrien is more interesting storywise, while Félix was more an anime cliché. That's why we discarded him" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 March 2016 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}:
  34. ↑ "Countdown to Miraculous Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir Is On". bsckids.com. 5 December 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2016. {{cite web}}:
  35. ↑ @Thomas_Astruc (25 September 2015). "@OrangeRux Even though he wasn't fit to be our hero, Félix's still an interesting character. Given the opportunity, I'll make him come back" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 March 2016 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}:
  36. ↑ Thomas Astruc [@Thomas_Astruc] (14 February 2016). "@AbbysMaxine No matter what Félix's lovers think, this character was a poor idea. He's yours to fanfic with. I won't waste my time on him" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 March 2016 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}:
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