| Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade | |
|---|---|
 Official 88th Annual Parade poster (2014) | |
| Presented by | Present: Savannah Guthrie (2012–present) Hoda Kotb (2018–present) Al Roker (1995–present) Previous: Dave Garroway (1952–1958) Bill Wendell (1959-1961) Gene Rayburn (1959-1961?) Betty White (1962–1972) Lorne Greene (1962–1972) Joe Garagiola (1968-1972) Martin Milner (1973) Kent McCord (1973) Ed McMahon (1974–1981) David Hartman (1974) Karen Grassle (1974) Shari Lewis (1975-1976) Helen Reddy (1975) Peter Marshall (1975) Della Reese (1976) McLean Stevenson (1976) Bryant Gumbel (1977–1980, 1982-1984) Carol Lawrence (1977) Arte Johnson (1977) Regis Philbin (1981) Sarah Purcell (1982-1983) Pat Sajak (1984-1986) Stepfanie Kramer (1984, 1986) Bert Convy (1985) Phylicia Ayers Allen (1985) Willard Scott (1987–1997) Mary Hart (1987) Sandy Duncan (1988) Deborah Norville (1989–1990) Katie Couric (1991–2005) Matt Lauer (1998–2017) Meredith Vieira (2006–2010) Ann Curry (2011) |
| Starring | Parade Executive Producer: Jean McFaddin (1977–2000) Robin Hall (2001–2010) Amy Kule (2010–2016) Jeff Gennette (2017–present) |
| Composers | Macy's NBC Brad Lachman Productions[1] |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 93 (as of November 28, 2019) |
| Production | |
| Production locations | Central Park to Macy's Herald Square, New York City, New York |
| Camera setup | Videotape; multi-camera |
| Running time | 3 hours (with commercials) |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | November 24, 1924 – November 22, 1951 (radio) November 25, 1948–present (television) |
| Related | |
| Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Macy's Ballonfest My Macy's Holiday Parade Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree Christmas in Rockefeller Center[1] | |
The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City, the world's largest parade,[2] is presented by the U.S. based department store chain Macy's. The parade started in 1924,[3] tying it for the second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being four years younger than Philadelphia's Thanksgiving Day Parade). The three-hour parade is held in Manhattan, ending outside Macy's Herald Square, and takes place from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952. Employees at Macy's department stores have the option of marching in the parade.
History[]
Early history[]
In 1924, store employees marched to Macy's Herald Square, the flagship store on 34th Street, dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square.[4][5][6] At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then crowned "King of the Kiddies". With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event, despite media reports only barely covering the first parade.[6] By 1927, inflatable balloons were introduced, replacing the live zoo animals (see § Balloons).[7]
The Macy's parade was enough of a success to push Ragamuffin Day, the typical children's Thanksgiving Day activity from 1870 into the 1920s, into obscurity. Ragamuffin Day featured children going around and performing a primitive version of trick-or-treating, a practice that by the 1920s had come to annoy most adults. The public backlash against such begging in the 1930s (at a time when most Americans were themselves struggling in the midst of the Great Depression) led to promotion of alternatives, including Macy's parade. While ragamuffin parades that competed with Macy's would continue into the 1930s, the competition from Macy's would overwhelm the practice, and the last ragamuffin parade in New York City would take place in 1956.[8]
Anthony "Tony" Frederick Sarg loved to work with marionettes from an early age. After moving to London to start his own marionette business, Sarg moved to New York City to perform with his puppets on the street. Macy's heard about Sarg's talents and asked him to design a window display of a parade for the store.[9]
Growth and changes[]
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Through the 1930s, the Parade continued to grow, with crowds of over one million people lining the parade route in 1933. The first Mickey Mouse balloon entered the parade in 1934. The annual festivities were broadcast on local radio stations in New York City from 1932[10] to 1941,[11] and resumed in 1945,[12] running through 1951.[13]
The parade was suspended from 1942 to 1944 as a result of World War II, because rubber and helium were needed for the war effort.[14][15] The parade resumed in 1945, and became known nationwide shortly afterward, having been prominently featured in the 1947 film Miracle on 34th Street, which included footage of the 1946 festivities. The event was first broadcast on network television in 1948 (see § Television coverage). Since 1984, the balloons have been made by Raven Industries of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, through its Raven Aerostar division.[16]
The classic "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" logo was, with one exception, last used in 2005. For 2006, a special variant of the logo was used. Every year since then (commensurate with Macy's rebranding of the former May stores nationwide to Macy's), a new logo has been used for each parade. However, the logos are only seen on television before and after commercial breaks, and in the bottom corner of the screen during the broadcast.
Following an incident in 2005 where a balloon knocked over a street light and injured spectators (see § Injuries), new safety measures were incorporated in 2006 to prevent accidents and balloon-related injuries. One measure taken was the installation of wind measurement devices to alert parade organizers to any unsafe conditions that could cause the balloons to behave erratically. In addition, parade officials implemented a measure to keep the balloons closer to the ground during windy conditions. New York City law prohibits Macy's from flying the full-size balloons if sustained winds exceed 20 knots (23 mph) or wind gusts exceed 30 knots (35 mph); New York's tall buildings and regular grid plan can amplify wind velocity on city streets.[17] This law, imposed in 1997, has never been activated, despite several close calls; the only time the parade balloons have ever been grounded was 1971. Each balloon has its own risk profile to determine handling in windy conditions; taller, upright balloons are rotated so that they appear horizontal and facing downward in such situations (as was the case in 2019, when a grounding was narrowly averted). In the event the balloons are grounded, the remaining floats and performances would continue as scheduled.[18]
The 2018 parade was the coldest to date with the temperature at 19 °F (-7.2 °C).[19] The warmest was in 1933 at 69 °F (20.5 °C). The 2006 parade was the wettest with 1.72" (49 mm) of rain.[20] Actresses Caitlin Kinnunen and Isabelle McCalla's kiss during The Prom's performance at the 2018 parade received significant media attention for being the first LGBTQ kiss in the parade's broadcast history.[21][22]
Balloons []
A balloon being inflated by the Steven's Inflation Crew during training at Giants Stadium
The Olaf balloon being inflated the night before the parade in 2018
The balloons were introduced in 1927, replacing live zoo animals, with Felix the Cat as the first character.[23][24][7] Sarg's large animal-shaped balloons, were produced by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio from the 1920s through the early 1990s.[25] That year there was no procedure to deflate the balloons and they were simply released. In 1928 five of the larger balloons were designed and filled with helium to rise above 2,000 feet (610 meters) and slowly deflate for whomever was lucky enough to capture the contestants in Macy's "balloon race[s]" and return them for a reward of $100 (equivalent to $1,500 with inflation as of 2019), this lasted until 1932.[26]
The balloons in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade have had several varieties. The oldest is the novelty balloon class, consisting of smaller balloons ranging widely in size and handled by between one and thirty people (the smallest balloons are shaped like human heads and fit on the heads of the handlers). The larger and more popular class is the character balloons, primarily consisting of licensed pop-culture characters; each of these (16 in 2019)[27] is handled by exactly 90 people. From 2005 to 2012, a third balloon class, the "Blue Sky Gallery", transformed the works of contemporary artists into full-size balloons; after a five-year hiatus, the Blue Sky Gallery returned in 2018.
Balloons listed by year introduced:[]
Character balloons[]
| Year | Balloons |
|---|---|
| 1927 | Felix the Cat[23] |
| 1929 | The Katzenjammer Kids |
| 1933 | Gulliver |
| 1934 | Mickey Mouse, Eddie Cantor (the only full-size balloon to be based on a living person)[28] |
| 1935 | Donald Duck |
| 1936 | Father Knickerbocker |
| 1937 | Morton The Nantucket Sea Monster (largest balloon to appear in parade), Christmas Stocking |
| 1938 | Uncle Sam |
| 1939 | The Tin Man, Pinocchio, Santa Claus |
| 1940 | Hippo, Superman |
| 1941 | The Football Player (Redesigned version of Superman Balloon) |
| 1945 | Bobo the Hobo (Clown), Acrobat, Teddy Bear, Pumpkin, Ice Cream Cone |
| 1946 | The Baseball Player (Redesigned version of Bobo the Hobo), Panda Bear (Redesigned version of Teddy Bear balloon), Pilgrim Mother |
| 1947 | Pirate, The Police officer (Redesigned version of The Baseball Player), The Goofy Gnome (Redesigned version of Ice Cream Cone balloon) |
| 1948 | The Fireman (Redesigned version of The Police Officer) |
| 1949 | Toy soldier, The Clown (Redesigned version of The Fireman) |
| 1950 | The Dachshund |
| 1951 | Lucky Pup, Mighty Mouse, Flying fish |
| 1952 | Spaceman |
| 1953 | Gorgeous Gobbler |
| 1954 | Spaceman |
| 1956 | Observer hot Air balloon |
| 1957 | Popeye |
| 1960 | Happy Dragon |
| 1961 | Bullwinkle J. Moose |
| 1962 | Donald Duck (2nd version) |
| 1963 | Dino, Elsie the Cow |
| 1964 | Linus the Lionhearted |
| 1965 | Underdog |
| 1966 | Smokey Bear, Superman (2nd version) |
| 1968 | Aviator Snoopy |
| 1969 | Astronaut Snoopy (2nd version, a tribute to Apollo 11) |
| 1971 | Mickey Mouse (2nd version), Smile (Happy Face, Redesigned version of The Elsie the Cow Balloon) |
| 1975 | Weeble |
| 1977 | Kermit the Frog |
| 1980 | Superman (3rd version, 2nd largest balloon to appear in parade) |
| 1982 | Olive Oyl, Woody Woodpecker |
| 1983 | Yogi Bear |
| 1984 | Garfield, Raggedy Ann |
| 1985 | Betty Boop |
| 1986 | Humpty Dumpty (Redesigned version of Weeble balloon, and the 100th Balloon in the Parade's history), Olive Oyl with Swee'Pea (Alteration to existing Olive Oyl Balloon), Baby Shamu |
| 1987 | Spider-Man, Ronald McDonald, Snoopy on Skates (3rd version), Snuggle Bear, |
| 1988 | Big Bird, Quik Bunny, Pink Panther, Snoopy (4th version, redesigned version of previous Snoopy balloon) and Woodstock |
| 1989 | Bugs Bunny |
| 1990 | Clifford the Big Red Dog, Bart Simpson |
| 1991 | Babar the Elephant (Redesigned version of The Smile Balloon) |
| 1992 | Santa Goofy |
| 1993 | Beethoven (dog), Sonic the Hedgehog (first video game character in parade history), Rex, Izzy |
| 1994 | Barney the Dinosaur, The Cat in the Hat |
| 1995 | Dudley the Dragon, SkyDancer, Eben Bear (Redesigned version of Snuggle Bear Balloon) |
| 1996 | Rocky and Bullwinkle (2nd version for Bullwinkle, first animated helium balloon in the parade's history), Peter Rabbit |
| 1997 | Arthur, Rugrats, Bumpe the Cow, Ms. Petula Pig |
| 1998 | Babe the Pig, Wild Thing, Dexter |
| 1999 | Millennium Snoopy (5th version), Honey Nut Cheerios Bee, Blue |
| 2000 | Bandleader Mickey Mouse (3rd version), Beret Tommy Pickles (minor alteration to existing Rugrats Balloon), Jeeves, Ronald McDonald (2nd version), Dragon Tales' Cassie |
| 2001 | Curious George, Pikachu, 75th Parade Snoopy (Alteration to existing Millennium Snoopy Balloon), Big Bird (2nd version), Jimmy Neutron, Cheesasaurus Rex (First balloon with light-up features), 60th Anniversary Tuxedo Honey Nut Cheerios Bee (Alteration to existing Honey Nut Cheerios Bee Balloon) |
| 2002 | Charlie Brown and the Elusive Football, Little Bill (First African-American character to appear in the parade), Mr. Monopoly, Kermit the Frog (2nd version) |
| 2003 | Strike up the Band Barney (2nd version), Super Grover, Garfield (2nd version) |
| 2004 | Chicken Little, M&M's Red and Yellow Brighten the Holidays, Jeeves with a new suit (alteration of existing Jeeves Balloon), SpongeBob SquarePants |
| 2005 | Scooby-Doo, Dora the Explorer (First Latino character to appear in parade), Healthy Mr. Potato Head, JoJo |
| 2006 | Snoopy as the Flying Ace (6th version), Pikachu with Poké Ball (2nd version) |
| 2007 | Abby Cadabby, Supercute Hello Kitty, Shrek |
| 2008 | Smurf, Buzz Lightyear, Horton the Elephant |
| 2009 | Spider-Man (Second version),[29] Ronald McDonald (third Version), Sailor Mickey (fourth version), Pillsbury Doughboy |
| 2010 | Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Po from Kung Fu Panda |
| 2011 | Sonic the Hedgehog (second version) Julius the Sock Monkey |
| 2012 | Hello Kitty (second version), Papa Smurf, The Elf on the Shelf |
| 2013 | Snoopy and Woodstock (seventh version for Snoopy, second version for Woodstock), SpongeBob SquarePants (second version), How to Train Your Dragon's Toothless, The Wizard of Oz 75th Anniversary Hot Air Balloon, Adventure Time |
| 2014 | Thomas the Tank Engine; Paddington Bear (2nd Time, first time as a Balloon); Red Mighty Morphin Power Ranger, Skylanders' Eruptor, Pikachu (third version); Pillsbury Doughboy (Second Version, Identical to first version) |
| 2015 | Scrat and his Acorn, Ronald McDonald (fourth version); Angry Birds Red;[30] Dino (second version) |
| 2016 | Charlie Brown (Second version), Diary of a Wimpy Kid (second version), Trolls |
| 2017 | Olaf from Frozen, Jett from Super Wings, PAW Patrol's Chase, The Grinch (2nd Version, first time as a Balloon; from the 2018 Illumination animated film) |
| 2018 | Goku from Dragon Ball |
| 2019 | Astronaut Snoopy (Eighth version), Smokey Bear (Second version), SpongeBob SquarePants (Third version) with Gary the Snail, Dr. Seuss' Green Eggs and Ham |
Novelty balloons[]
| Year | Balloons |
|---|---|
| 1931 | Mama, Papa and Baby |
| 1935 | The Three Marx Brothers |
| 1985 | Lollipops, Ice Cream Cone, Circus Balls, Flower Balls, Macy's Red & Blue Star Balls, Macy's White Stars |
| 1986 | Macy's White Stars (Second Version, first full size version), Starfishes |
| 1987 | Ice Cream Cone (second version), Snowflake Stars, Macy's White Stars, Lollipops, Circus Balls, Flower Balls, Red & Blue Stars Balls |
| 1988 | ABC Bouncing Balls, Snowflakes Balls |
| 1989 | Christmas Balls |
| 1990 | Red Text Macy's White Star |
| 1991 | Basketball, Baseball, Football, Poinsettias |
| 1992 | Novelty Pumpkins (Recreation of 1945 Pumpkin), The Pinheads |
| 1993 | Wiggle Worm |
| 1994 | Cloe the Holiday Clown |
| 1995 | FujiFilm's Blimp |
| 1996 | Harold the Fireman (Re-Creation of 1948 "The Fireman" balloon), Flying Fish (Re-creation of 1951 "Flying Fish" balloon), Macy's Stars & Stripes Balls |
| 2000 | Elf Gnome (Recreation of 1940s Elf Gnome balloon, later named Charlie the Blue Elf Gnome) |
| 2001 | Toy Soldier (Recreation of 1950s Toy Soldier), Yellow 75th Parade Stars, Happy Hippo (Re-Creation of 40's Hippo Balloon) |
| 2002 | Uncle Sam (Recreation of 1930s Uncle Sam balloon), Yellow Parade Logo Stars, Sesquicentennial Hot-Air Balloon Replica, Macy's Blue Stars, Macy's Red Stars |
| 2003 | Gorgeous Gobbler (Recreation of the 1950s Turkey balloon), Novelty Pumpkins (Second Version), Freda The Dachshund (Recreation of 1950s Dachshund balloon) |
| 2004 | Alexander Mora's Turkey of World Peace (Winner of a 2004 Design a Balloon contest), Wiggle Worm (Second Version), Red Candy Cane, Kit and C.J. Elf Gnomes |
| 2005 | Cloe the Holiday Clown (2nd Version), Strawberry/Pistachio Ice Cream Cone (Third Version) |
| 2006 | 80th Anniversary Hot Air Balloon, Macy's Yellow Stars, Chocolate/Strawberry Ice Cream Cone, Handprint Balls, Green Candy Cane |
| 2007 | Beach Ball Clusters, Planet Earth, Artie the Pirate (Recreation of 1940s Pirate balloon), Soccer Ball |
| 2008 | 150 Years Golden TriStar, Green Believe Star |
| 2009 | Geometrics, All Star Basketball (second version), Big Man Santa, Red Believe Stars |
| 2010 | Virginia O'Hanlon |
| 2011 | Harold the Police Officer (recreation of 1940s "The Police Officer" balloon), Gazor Elf (Winner of the Design an Elf contest that was held on the Macy's website) |
| 2012 | Novelty pumpkins (third version), Soccer Ball (Second version), Happy Dragon (Recreation of older Happy Dragon balloon) |
| 2013 | Happy Hippo (Second Version), Football (Second Version) |
| 2015 | Macy's Yellow Stars (Second Version), Red Believe Stars (Second Version) |
| 2016 | Trixie the Dog, Felix the Cat (Second Version, re-creation of Felix Balloon from the 1931 parade) |
| 2017 | Macy's Blue Stars (Second Version), Harold the Baseball Player (Re-creation of 1946 "The Baseball Player" Balloon), Macy's Gold Starflakes |
| 2018 | Americana Spheres (Second Version), Netflix's The Christmas Chronicles (4 separate balloons of Fleck, Bjorn, Jojo and Hugg), Nutcracker (From Universal's Holiday Parade featuring Macy's), Sunny the Snowpal |
| 2019 | Ice Cream Cone |
Blue Sky Gallery[]
| Year | Balloon | Artist |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Humpty Dumpty | Tom Otterness |
| 2007 | Rabbit | Jeff Koons |
| 2008 | Figure with Heart | Keith Haring |
| 2010 | Kaikai and Kiki | Takashi Murakami |
| 2011 | B | Tim Burton |
| 2012 | Companion | KAWS |
| 2018 | Little Cloud | FriendsWithYou |
| 2019 | Love Flies Up to the Sky | Yayoi Kusama |
Falloon[]
A falloon, a portmanteau of "float" and "balloon", is a float-based balloon. They were introduced in 1990.
| Year | Falloon |
|---|---|
| 1986 | The Chipmunk Adventure |
| 1990 | Paddington Bear |
| 1991 | Humpty Dumpty, Giant Baseball and Glove |
| 1993 | Little Drummer Boy, Elf in a Box |
| 1994 | Sea Venture |
| 1995 | M&M's Chocolate Factory |
| 1996 | The Family Channel (Later Fox Family) Snow Family |
| 1997 | The Grinch, Jello |
| 1998 | M&M's Network, Heimlich from A Bug's Life, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer |
| 1999 | Pets.com sock puppet |
| 2000 | Green Dog |
| 2001 | Green Dog with Doghouse (2nd Version), Percy the Penguin |
| 2004 | Universal Orlando Resort Holiday Beat (2nd Version of Little Drummer Boy) |
| 2005 | Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi |
| 2008 | The Smurfs Mushroom House, Bolt |
| 2011 | Universal Orlando Resort PB Polar Bear |
| 2013 | Gelt the Snowman (Universal Orlando Only) |
| 2019 | Blue |
Balloonicle[]
A balloonicle, a portmanteau of "balloon" and "vehicle", is a self-powered balloon vehicle. They were introduced in 2004.
| Year | Balloonicle |
|---|---|
| 2004 | Weebles' Tibbey, Tooey and Bumpus |
| 2005 | SnowBo |
| 2006 | Energizer Bunny |
| 2010 | Kool-Aid Man, Holiday Ornament, Blue Holiday Ornament |
| 2011 | Sledding Aflac Duck |
| 2013 | Dreidel |
| 2014 | Ice Skating Aflac Duck (2nd Version), Cloe the Holiday Clown (3rd Version) |
| 2015 | Tom Turkey (Universal Orlando Only) |
| 2016 | Mother Ginger from The Nutcracker ballet |
| 2017 | Aflac Duck (3rd Version) |
| 2018 | Go Bowling (2 Shoe cars, one Bowling Ball and 6 Pins), Sinclair Oil 3 Baby Dinos |
| 2019 | Aflac Duck, Sinclair Oil’s 3 Baby DINOs, Go Bowling (2 Shoe cars, one Bowling Ball and 6 Pins) |
Performers and acts[]
Santa Claus' arrival at the parade's finale marks the start of the Christmas season
In addition to the well-known balloons and floats, the Parade also features live music and other performances. College and high school marching bands from across the country participate in the parade[31], and the television broadcasts feature performances by established and up-and-coming singers and bands. The Rockettes of Radio City Music Hall are a classic performance as well (having performed annually since 1957[32] as the last pre-parade act to perform and their performance was followed by a commercial break), as are cheerleaders and dancers chosen by the National Cheerleaders Association from various high schools across the country. The parade always concludes with the arrival of Santa Claus to ring in the Christmas and holiday season (with the exception of the 1933 parade, when Santa led the parade).[33]
On the NBC telecast from in front of the flagship Macy's store on Broadway and 34th Street, the marching bands perform live music. Most "live" performances by musicals and individual artists lip sync to the studio, soundtrack or cast recordings of their songs,[34] due to the technical difficulties of attempting to sing into a wireless microphone while in a moving vehicle (performers typically perform on the floats themselves); the NBC-flagged microphones used by performers on floats are almost always non-functioning props.[35] Although rare, recent parade broadcasts have featured at least one live performance with no use of recorded vocals.[36]
Featured performers[]
| Year | Performers |
|---|---|
| 1969 | Dick Roman, The New York Mets, Teresa Graves, The Broadway Cast of Jimmy, Melanie, The Four Seasons, Marc Copage, Johnny Whitaker, Guy Lombardo, David Hartman, David Houston, Dick Leibert, |
| 1970 | Billy Kidd, The Hart Ski Team, The Lettermen, Hank Williams Jr, Eddie Albert, Richard W Leibert, Jeannie C Riley, Rosey Grier, Janis Harper, Brenda Lee, The Bugaloos, Don Ho, Dick Roman, |
| 1971 | The Temptations, Sonny James, Bobby Vinton, Tommy Tune, Lynn Anderson, Little Golden Books Characters |
| 1972 | Freda Payne, Cathy Rigby, John Raitt, Rick Springfield, Karen Wyman, Jody Miller, Danny Bonaduce, Donna Fargo, Tommy Cash, Little Golden Books Characters, |
| 1973 | George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Evel Knievel, John Davidson, Little Golden Books Characters, |
| 1974 | Howard Keel, Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods, University of Pennsylvania Glee Club, The Wombles, Bil Baird, Kathy Coleman, Danny Davis, The Cast and Muppets of Sesame Street, Doug Henning, Bonnie Langford, |
| 1975 | Shari Lewis, Melba Moore, Dolly Parton, Ben Vereen, Mason Reese, Evel Knievel, Bill Hayes, Susan Seaforth Hayes, Freddy Fender, Bil Baird, Doug Henning, |
| 1976 | Shari Lewis, The Cast of the New Howdy Doody Show, The West Point Glee Club, Laverne & Shirley, Paul Williams The Cast of Bugsy Malone, Martha Raye, Evel Knievel, Robbie Knievel, Barry Manilow, Roberta Peters, Justino Diaz, |
| 1977 | Arte Johnson, Jo Anne Worley, Andrea McArdle, Victor Borge, Orson Bean, Carol Lawrence, Neil Sedaka, Lou Rawls, Mel Tellis, Gloria Gaynor, The Trammps, Vince Montana, Mummenschanz, Wally Amos, University of Pennsylvania Glee Club, |
| 1978 | Melba Moore, Peter Ustinov, The Village People, Bruce Jenner, The Oak Ridge Boys, Wally Amos, Lynn Holly Jackson, The Smothers Brothers, Ricardo Montalbán, Imogene Coca, Shields & Yarnell, |
| 1979 | Mickey Rooney, Herb Alpert, Wally Amos, Nell Carter, André De Shields, Sandy Duncan, Erik Estrada, Gil Gerard, Buddy Hackett, Lionel Hampton, Andy Kaufman, Dianne Kay, Robert Keeshan, Armelia McQueen, Ann Miller, Ken Page, Diana Ross, Robert Stack, Larry Storch, Gloria Vanderbilt, Charlayne Woodard, Chuck Woolery, Anderson Cooper, Jon Bauman, |
| 1980 | Melba Moore, Linda Ronstadt, Rex Smith, Captain & Tennille, Sister Sledge, The Spinners, Chita Rivera, George Rose, Stephanie Mills, The Steinettes, Priscilla Lopez, Dean Butler, France Joli, Maynard Ferguson, Lacy J. Dalton, Paul Keenan, Danielle Brisebois, Wally Amos, Joe Nolan |
| 1981 | Moe Bandy, Nell Carter, Phyllis Diller, Erik Estrada, Kim Fields, Charles Haid, Bill Hayes Susan Seaforth Hayes, Gregory Hines, Wendy Holcombe, Geoffrey Holder, Phyllis Hyman, Barrie Ingham, Larry Kert, Kaleena Kiff, Kool & The Gang, Andrea McArdle, Nancy McKeon, Ann Miller, Jim Nabors, Donny Osmond, Michael Warren, Dave Winfield, The Cast of Pinwheel, The Muppets, Don McLean, |
| 1982 | Milton Berle, Ricky Schroder, Laura Branigan, Andy Gibb, The Oak Ridge Boys, Paul Williams, Keith Carradine, Deniece Williams, Shelley Bruce, Sammy Davis Jr, Peter Nero, Wayland Flowers, Jim Henson, |
| 1987 | Ronald McDonald (was introduced to the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 1987), Kale Browne, Rita Coolidge, Joel Grey, Alaina Reed-Hall, Bert Parks, Bob Smith, Jim Henson and Kermit the Frog, Bobby Vinton, Bruce Weitz, Saundra Santiago, Ronald McDonald (Along with the Marching Band), The Radio City Rockettes, John Tesh, Gloria Loring, President Ronald Reagan, Ed Fry, David Forsyth, Marvel's Superheroes: Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Hulk, Wolverine, Dr. Octopus, Dr. Doom, Michael Damian, Tiffany, Ben Vereen, Christopher Hewett, Seaworld Characters, Judy Kaye, Patrick Swayze, Phylicia Rashad, Jill Schulz and the Peanuts Gang: Charlie Brown, Lucy, Linus, Pia Zadora, Barbie and the Sensations |
| 1990 | Patti LaBelle, Robert Urich, Garth Brooks, The Guys Next Door, Cathy Rigby, Raven-Symoné, Bert and Ernie, Kyndra Joy Casper, Jann Carr, Judy Kaye, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Miss America 1990 Marjorie Vincent, Scott Bakula, Kecia Lewis Evans, Patty Loveless, Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy (tribute to Jim Henson), Tiny Toon Adventures cast, Katarina Witt & Brian Boitano, Barbie and the Sensations, Desiree Coleman, The Boys, Mark Jackson, Fred Travalena, Barry Manilow |
| 1999 | 98 Degrees, Christina Aguilera, Lou Bega, Kool & the Gang, SHeDAISY, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, Rockapella, Charlotte Church, The Bacon Brothers, Susan Lucci, Sesame Street cast, Barney, Baby Bop & BJ, Steve Burns from Blue's Clues, Miss America 2000 Heather French Henry, Terri Irwin, Jeremy Kushnier, Lillias White, Verne Troyer, the cast of Ragtime, the cast of Third Watch, Joe Torre, Rudy Giuliani, Wild Orchid, and Florence Henderson |
| 2000 | Baha Men, The Corrs, Jo Dee Messina, BBMak, Kenny Chesney, Jennifer Day, Sara Evans, Jo Dee Messina, Aaron Carter, LFO, Innocence, Rascal Flatts, Mikaila, Tito Puente Jr., Emeril Lagasse, Ann Hampton Callaway, Miss America 2001 Angela Perez Baraquio, Jeff Corwin, Steve Burns from Blue's Clues, Ronald McDonald, Sesame Street cast, the cast of Passions, Barney, Baby Bop & BJ, Joe Torre and Andrea McArdle |
| 2001 | Tony Bennett, Betty Buckley, Boyz II Men, Jeff Corwin, Tim Curry and the cast of A Christmas Carol, Usher, Billy Gilman, O-Town, LMNT, Kenny G, Billy Ray Cyrus, Jon Secada, Florence Henderson, Valerie Harper, Charles Nelson Reilly, Charlotte Church, Lilian Garcia, Miss Universe 2001 Denise Quiñones, Sesame Street cast, Barney, BJ and Baby Bop, the cast of Scrubs, Ronald McDonald, The Wiggles, The cast of Blue's Clues Live, Joey McIntyre, Willard Scott, The Big Apple Circus, Rudy Giuliani and the Hero's of New York City (tribute to September 11 attacks) and Daniel Rodriguez |
| 2002 | Ashanti, LeeAnn Womack, Josh Groban, Baha Men, Matt Gallant & Jeff Corwin, Michael Feinstein, Mario, No Secrets, Natural, Play, Jill Hennessy, F. Murray Abraham, Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Vince McMahon, Good Morning, Miami cast, Justin Guarini, Joe Lawrence, Matt Gallant, Jeff Corwin, Patty Duke, Judy Kaye, Eric Martsolf, Joe from Blue's Clues, Barney, BJ and Baby Bop, and The Wiggles & their Friends |
| 2003 | Hilary Duff, Chicago, Aaron Carter, Mýa, Kool and the Gang, Matt Gallant & Jeff Corwin, Stacie Orrico, Ruben Studdard, Clay Aiken, Judy Collins, Barney, BJ and Baby Bop, Simple Plan, Peter Nero, Ann Hampton Callaway, Peter Cincotti, Old Crow Medicine Show, A Christmas Carol cast, Loonette from The Big Comfy Couch, Harry Connick, Jr., The Wiggles, Bernie Williams, and Harvey Fierstein |
| 2004 | Kelsey Grammer, Brooke Shields, Jimmy Smits, Andrea Bocelli, Fantasia Barrino, Tony Shalhoub, Joe Namath, Tony Dorsett, Passions cast, Deborah Voigt, Steve Irwin, Nikki Cox, Miss USA Shandi Finnessey, Jennifer Finnigan, Josh Cooke, Barenaked Ladies, Gavin DeGraw, Peter Cetera, José Feliciano, Ryan Cabrera, Nina Sky, Hi-5, Raven-Symoné, Jeff Timmons, Hayley Westenra, and Bering Strait |
| 2005 | Harry Connick, Jr., Adrien Brody, Amy Grant, Christina Applegate, LeAnn Rimes, Disney Characters, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Aaron Neville, Brian McKnight, Peter Reckell, Carrie Underwood, Kristin Chenoweth, Sesame Street cast, Tommy Tune, The Beach Boys, Jai Rodriguez, Miss USA Chelsea Cooley, Jeff Corwin, Keegan-Michael Key, Aly & AJ, B5, Natasha Bedingfield, The Cheetah Girls, Rita Coolidge, The Click Five, Tiffany Evans, Michael Feinstein, Brie Larson, Puffy AmiYumi, and Rihanna |
| 2006 | Julie Andrews, Laurie Berkner, Chris Brown, RBD, Cheyenne, Ciara, Miley Cyrus (as Hannah Montana), Diana DeGarmo, Gloria Estefan, Renee Fleming, Big Apple Circus, Sesame Street cast, Natalie Grant, Hall & Oates, High School Musical cast, Jonas Brothers, Josh Kelley, Darlene Love, Barry Manilow, Characters from Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Sarah McLachlan, Tara Conner, Sandi Patty, John Tartaglia, Ali Larter, Denise Van Outen, and Connie Britton |
| 2007 | Ashley Tisdale, Bindi Irwin, Terri Irwin, Corbin Bleu, Dolly Parton, Good Charlotte, Barbie, Jonas Brothers, Lifehouse, Menudo, Ne-Yo, Sesame Street cast, Nikki Blonsky, Characters from Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Kay Hanley, Sarah Brightman, Jonathan Groff, Lea Michele, Wynonna Judd, and Jordin Sparks |
| 2008 | Kristin Chenoweth, Darius Rucker, James Taylor, Charice Pempengco, Miranda Cosgrove, Miley Cyrus, David Archuleta, Kermit the Frog, Shontelle, Idina Menzel, Trace Adkins, Lang Lang with the of "Sesame Street" cast, Characters from Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Rick Astley (as part of a Rickroll during the parade), Ashanti, Andy Williams, Harry Connick, Jr., Faith Hill, Push Play, and The Clique Girlz |
| 2009 | Tiffany Thornton, Kermit the Frog, Keke Palmer, Andrea Bocelli, Bello Nock, Big Apple Circus, Boys Like Girls, Alan Cumming, Billy Currington, Yo Gabba Gabba! cast, Jimmy Fallon and The Roots (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon), Gloria Gaynor, Emily Hughes, Jane Krakowski, Katharine McPhee, Sesame Street cast, Mitchel Musso, Pizzarelli Quartet, Jay Sean, Ziggy Marley, and Carly Simon |
| 2010 | Kylie Minogue, Carrie Underwood, Kanye West, Jessica Simpson, Gladys Knight, India.Arie, Big Time Rush, Big Apple Circus, Arlo Guthrie, Betty Buckley, Ann Hampton Callaway, Miranda Cosgrove, Isabella Collins, Gloriana, Michael Grimm, Juanes, Keri Hilson, Eric Hutchinson, Victoria Justice, Mannheim Steamroller, Jimmy Fallon and The Roots (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon), Sesame Street cast and The Muppets, Kyle Swann, Rima Fakih, the cast of Power Rangers Samurai, Crystal Shawanda, Joan Rivers, and Melissa Rivers |
| 2011 | The Cast of Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark, Rodney Atkins, Big Apple Circus, Mary J. Blige, Cobra Starship, Neil Diamond, Michael Feinstein, The Fresh Beat Band, Cee Lo Green, Avril Lavigne, Shelby Lynne, Mannheim Steamroller, China Anne McClain, Scotty McCreery, Ingrid Michaelson, Sesame Street cast and Muppets, Savannah Outen, the cast of Power Rangers Samurai, Daniel Radcliffe, Miss America 2011 Teresa Scanlan, Willard Scott, Sarah Smithson, Straight No Chaser, United States Naval Academy Glee Club, Johnny Weir, Zendaya and the Nickelodeon Queens |
| 2012 | Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Trace Adkins, Flo Rida, the Big Apple Circus, Colbie Caillat, Teresa Castillo, Rachel Crow, Thirza Defoe, Jimmy Fallon and The Roots (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon), Whoopi Goldberg, Chris Isaak, Carly Rae Jepsen, Karmin, Christian Laettner, Sandra Lee, Mannheim Steamroller, Jennette McCurdy, Don McLean, Megan & Liz, Olivia Culpo, the cast of Sesame Street, Neon Trees, the cast of Power Rangers Megaforce, Cody Simpson, Gabby Douglas, McKayla Maroney, Aly Raisman, Kyla Ross and Jordyn Wieber, PS22 Chorus, The Wanted, Geoffrey Zakarian, and The Kidz Bop Kids. |
| 2013 | The cast of NBC's The Sound of Music Live!, Debby Ryan, Big Apple Circus, Cherokee National Youth Choir, the cast of The Sunny Side Up Show, Cirque du Soleil, Gavin DeGraw, Brett Eldredge, Fall Out Boy, The Summer Set, Jimmy Fallon and The Roots (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon), the cast of Sesame Street, Fifth Harmony, Florida Georgia Line, Goo Goo Dolls, Ariana Grande, Jack Hanna, Megan Hilty, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, Sandra Lee, Cher Lloyd, Austin Mahone, Richard Simmons, Mannheim Steamroller, Miss America 2014 Nina Davuluri, Bart Oates, Amani Toomer and Hines Ward; Cam Neely and Mike Richter, Kristin Chenoweth, Kellie Pickler, and the cast of Duck Dynasty |
| 2014 | The cast of NBC's Peter Pan Live!, the cast of Sesame Street, Renee Fleming, William Blake, Idina Menzel, Before You Exit, Becky G, MKTO, Needtobreathe, Sabrina Carpenter, Lucy Hale, KISS, Cole Swindell, Nick Jonas, The Madden Brothers, Quvenzhané Wallis, The Vamps, Meghan Trainor, Nia Sanchez, Romeo Santos and Pentatonix. |
| 2015 | Gloria Estefan, The cast of NBC's The Wiz Live!, Jordin Sparks, the cast of Sesame Street with Questlove, Trey Songz, Jake Owen, Andy Grammer, Panic! at the Disco, Plain White T's, Shawn Mendes, Cirque du Soleil's Dreamseeker, Mipso, Daughtry, Sprout cast, Andra Day, Big Apple Circus, Sofia Carson, Rachel Platten, Prince Royce, the cast of School of Rock, MercyMe, Jennifer Nettles, Train, Pat Benatar & Neil Giraldo, and Mariah Carey |
| 2016 | The Muppets, The cast of NBC's Hairspray Live! Brett Eldredge, Chloe and Halle, Daya, De La Soul, Easton Corbin, Fitz and The Tantrums, Jacob Whitesides, Kelsea Ballerini, 2016 Olympic Medalist Laurie Hernandez, Mikey Brannigan, Gianfranco Iannotta, Hannah McFadden, Tatyana McFadden, & Claressa Shields, Maddie and Tae, Aloe Blacc, Ben Rector, Regina Spektor, Lunchmoney Lewis, The cast of Sesame Street with Christopher Jackson, Grace VanderWaal, Tony Bennett, Timeflies, Michelle Carter, Sarah McLachlan, Diamante Electrico, and Johnnyswim |
| 2017 | Gwen Stefani, The cast of Sesame Street with Leslie Odom, Jr., Olivia Holt, Andra Day, Common, Dustin Lynch, Naomi Galali, Bebe Rexha, Jimmy Fallon and The Roots (The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon), Andy Grammer, Wyclef Jean, Patti LaBelle, Sara Evans, 98 Degrees, Flo Rida, Goo Goo Dolls, JoJo Siwa, Kat Graham, Miss America Cara Mund, Lauren Alaina, Smokey Robinson, Nicky Jam, Angelica Hale, Cam, Tom Colicchio and Padma Lakshmi |
| 2018 | Bad Bunny, Barenaked Ladies, Bazzi, Ally Brooke, Kane Brown, Brynn Cartelli, Kelly Clarkson, Jack & Jack, John Legend, Leona Lewis, Ella Mai, Tegan Marie, Martina McBride, Rita Ora, Johnny Orlando, Luca Padovan, Carly Pearce, Pentatonix, Anika Noni Rose and the cast of Sesame Street, Diana Ross with her children and extended family (including Rhonda Ross Kendrick, Tracee Ellis Ross, Evan Ross and Ashlee Simpson), Sugarland, Ashley Tisdale, Mackenzie Ziegler |
| 2019 | Celine Dion, Billy Porter, Jimmy Fallon and The Roots (The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon), Idina Menzel, Lea Michele, Ashanti, Black Eyed Peas, NHL Legends Dominic Moore and Eddie Olczyk, Ciara, Josh Dela Cruz, Debbie Gibson, Chris Janson, Chris Young, Chicago, Miss America 2019 Nia Franklin, former NASA Astronauts Kay Hire and Janet Kavandi, the cast of Sesame Street, NCT 127, Ozuna, Kelly Rowland, That Girl Lay Lay, Tenille Townes, and TLC |
Broadway shows[]
Every year, cast members from a number of Broadway shows (usually shows that debuted that year) perform either in the parade, or immediately preceding the parade in front of Macy's and before The Rockettes' performance (since NBC broadcasts the parade's start, the performances are shown during the wait for the parade itself). The 2007 parade was notable as it took place during a strike by the I.A.T.S.E. (a stagehands' union), and as such, Legally Blonde, the one performing musical affected by the strike, performed in show logo shirts, with makeshift props and no sets. The other three shows that year performed in theaters that were not affected by the strike.
| Year | Performances |
|---|---|
| 1980 | Brigadoon, The Pirates of Penzance, A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine |
| 1981 | Sophisticated Ladies, Camelot |
| 1983 | Cats, My One and Only |
| 1984 | The Tap Dance Kid |
| 1986 | Me and My Girl, Sweet Charity, Big River |
| 1987 | Cabaret, Les Misérables, Teddy And Alice, Starlight Express, Into The Woods |
| 1988 | Godspell, Forbidden Broadway, Into the Woods |
| 1989 | Meet Me in St. Louis |
| 1991 | Grand Hotel, The Secret Garden, Miss Saigon, The Will Rogers Follies |
| 1992 | Annie Warbucks, Jelly's Last Jam, Guys and Dolls, Falsettos |
| 1993 | Raffi on Broadway, My Fair Lady, The Who's Tommy, Kiss of the Spider Woman |
| 1994 | Beauty and the Beast, Grease, Show Boat, Damn Yankees |
| 1995 | Hello, Dolly!, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Smokey Joe's Cafe |
| 1996 | The King and I, Rent, Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk, Chicago |
| 1997 | Titanic, Side Show, Street Corner Symphony (musical)|Street Corner Symphony, The Sound of Music |
| 1998 | Cabaret, Footloose, The Scarlet Pimpernel, Annie Get Your Gun, Peter Pan |
| 1999 | Saturday Night Fever, Fosse, Swing, Kiss Me, Kate |
| 2000 | The Music Man, Seussical, Swing, Annie Get Your Gun |
| 2001 | Mamma Mia!, 42nd Street, Thou Shalt Not, Contact |
| 2002 | Hairspray, Oklahoma!, The Producers, Thoroughly Modern Millie |
| 2003 | Wicked, The Boy From Oz, Little Shop of Horrors, Never Gonna Dance |
| 2004 | Bombay Dreams, All Shook Up, La Cage aux Folles, Wonderful Town, Good Vibrations |
| 2005 | Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, Jersey Boys, Sweet Charity |
| 2006 | A Chorus Line, Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, The Color Purple, Spamalot |
| 2007 | Legally Blonde, Mary Poppins, Young Frankenstein, Xanadu |
| 2008 | White Christmas, In the Heights, Hair, South Pacific, The Little Mermaid |
| 2009 | Billy Elliot, Bye, Bye Birdie, Hair, Shrek |
| 2010 | Memphis, American Idiot, Elf, Million Dollar Quartet |
| 2011 | Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark, Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Sister Act, Newsies |
| 2012 | Annie, Bring It On, Elf, Cinderella, Nice Work If You Can Get It |
| 2013 | Matilda, Motown, Pippin, Kinky Boots |
| 2014 | A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder, Honeymoon in Vegas, The Last Ship, On the Town, Side Show |
| 2015 | On Your Feet!, The King and I, Finding Neverland, Something Rotten!, Fiddler on the Roof, School of Rock |
| 2016 | Holiday Inn, Waitress, Cats, Paramour |
| 2017 | Anastasia, SpongeBob SquarePants, Once on This Island, Dear Evan Hansen |
| 2018 | Mean Girls, My Fair Lady, Summer: The Donna Summer Musical, The Prom |
| 2019 | Ain't Too Proud, Beetlejuice, Hadestown, Tina[37] |
Marching bands[]
| Year | Performances |
|---|---|
| 1987 | Albertville High School Marching Band, Albertville, Alabama; Bergenfield High School Marching Band, Bergenfield New Jersey; Danbury High School Marching Band, Danbury Connecticut; J. M. Tate High School Marching Band, Pensacola, Florida; Carlisle High School Marching Band, Carlisle Pennsylvania, "Big Green Machine"; East Carteret High School Marching Band, Beaufort North Carolina; All American High School McDonalds Band, (Band members met one week prior to Parade with 2 students from every state); Dalton High School Marching Catamount Band, Dalton Georgia; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Band, "Highty-Tighties" Regimental Band of Virginia Tech; Live Oak High School Marching Band, Morgan Hill California; Greenbrier High School Marching Band, Lewisburg West Virginia; Southport High School Marching Band, Indianapolis Indiana; George Rogers Clark High School Marching Band, Winchester, Kentucky |
| 2013 | Concord High School Marching Band, Elkhart, Indiana; Lakota West High School Marching Band, West Chester, Ohio; Macy's Great American Marching Band; James Madison University Marching Royal Dukes, Harrisonburg, Virginia; Marian Catholic High School Marching Band, Chicago Heights, Illinois; Mountain View High School Marching Band, Mesa, Arizona; New York City Police Department Marching Band, New York; Ooltewah High School Marching Band, Tennessee; Tarpon Springs High School Marching Band, Florida; Union High School Marching Band, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Quantico Marine Corps Band, Quantico, Virginia; University of Massachusetts Minuteman Marching Band, Amherst, Massachusetts |
| 2014 | American Fork High School Marching Band, Utah; Bahamas All Stars Marching Band, Nassau, Bahamas; Baldwinsville High School Marching Band, Baldwinsville, New York; Center Grove High School Marching Band, Greenwood, Indiana; Winston Churchill High School Marching Band, San Antonio, Texas; Paul Laurence Dunbar High School Marching Band, Lexington, Kentucky; Foothill High School Marching Band, Henderson, Nevada; Georgia State University Marching Band, Atlanta, Georgia; Macy's Great American Marching Band; Madison Scouts Drum and Bugle Corps Anniversary Corps, Madison, Wisconsin; New York City Police Department Marching Band, New York; Western Carolina University Marching Band, Cullowhee, North Carolina |
| 2015 | Macy's Great American Marching Band; Stephen F. Austin State University Marching Band, Nacogdoches, Texas; Cavalier Marching Band (University of Virginia), Charlottesville, Virginia; New York City Police Department Marching Band, New York; Gulf Coast High School Marching Band, Naples, Florida; Walled Lake Central High School Viking Marching Band, Walled Lake, Michigan; Munford High School Marching Band, Munford, Tennessee; Nogales High School Noble Regiment Marching Band, La Puente, California; Lewis Cass High School Marching Band, Walton, Indiana; New York City Fire Department Emerald Society Pipes & Drums, New York; North Hardin High School Marching Band, Radcliff, Kentucky; West Chester University Marching Band, West Chester, Pennsylvania; Marching Illini (University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign), Champaign, Illinois |
| 2016 | Cary Senior High School marching band, Cary, North Carolina; Grain Valley High School Marching Eagles, Grain Valley, Missouri; Greendale High School Marching Band, Greendale, Wisconsin; Harrison High School marching band, Kennesaw, Georgia; Hawaii All State Marching Band; Hendrickson High School Hawk Band, Pflugerville, Texas; Newsome High School Marching Band, Lithia, Florida; Prospect High School Marching Knights, Mt. Prospect, Illinois; West Point Band, West Point, New York; West Virginia University Mountaineer Marching Band, Morgantown, West Virginia; Macy's Great American Marching Band; New York City Police Department Marching Band, New York |
| 2017 | Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, Texas; Nation Ford H.S. Fort Mill, South Carolina; Trumbull High School, Trumbull, CT; West Harrison High School, Gulfport, MS; Spirit of America Cheer Marching Band; The U.S. Air Force Band and Honor Guard, Washington, D.C.; New York City Police Department; Ohio University, Athens, Ohio; Colony High School, Palmer, AK; Spirit of America Dance Stars; Rosemount High School, Rosemount, MN; Rockford High School, Rockford, MI; Davis High School, Kaysville, UT |
| 2018 | CNS H.S. Northstars marching band, Cicero, New York; Grants Pass H.S. marching band & color guard, Grants Pass, Oregon; Homewood Patriot Band, Homewood, Alabama; JMU Marching Royal Dukes, Harrisonburg, Virginia; Keller High School marching band, Keller, Texas; Lafayette H.S. Mighty Lion marching band, Lafayette, Louisiana; Macy's Great American Marching Band; New York City Police Department Marching Band, New York; The Ohio State University Marching Band, Columbus, Ohio; Park Vista High School marching band performers, Lake Worth, Florida; Riverside City College Marching Tigers, Riverside, California; Woodland High School Wildcat marching band, Cartersville, Georgia |
| 2019 | Awesome Original Second Time Arounders of Saint Petersburg, Florida; Blue Springs High School of Kansas City, Missouri; Catalina Foothills High School of Tucson, Arizona; Franklin Regional School District of Murrysville, Pennsylvania; Madison Central High School of Richmond, Kentucky; Martin Luther King, Jr. High School of Lithonia, Georgia; Morgan State University Magnificent Marching Machine; NYPD; Ronald Reagan High School of San Antonio, Texas; Western Carolina University Pride of the Mountains; Macy's Great American Marching Band |
Special guests[]
For the 10th anniversary of the September 11th attacks in 2011, the Macy's Thanksgiving Parade invited family members from Tuesday's Children, a family service organization that has made a long-term commitment to those directly impacted by the attacks and terrorism around the world, to cut the ribbon at the start of the parade with NBC's Al Roker and led the parade with Amy Kule, the Parade's executive producer.
Television coverage[]
Tom the Turkey and Underdog arriving at Macy's Herald Square during the 1979 edition of the parade.
More than 44 million people typically watch the parade on television on an annual basis. It was first televised locally in New York City in 1939 as an experimental broadcast on NBC's W2XBS (forerunner of today's WNBC).[38] No television stations broadcast the parade in 1940 or 1941, but when the parade returned in 1945 after the wartime suspension, local broadcasts resumed.[39][40] The parade began its network television appearances on CBS in 1948, the year that major, regular television network programming began.[41][42] NBC has been the official broadcaster of the event since 1952, though CBS (which has a studio in Times Square) also carries unauthorized coverage under the title The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS.[43] Since the parade takes place in public, the parade committee can endorse an official broadcaster, but they cannot award exclusive rights as other events (such as sporting events, which take place inside restricted-access stadiums) have the authority to do. The rerouting of the parade that was implemented for the 2012 event (see below) moved the parade out of the view of CBS's cameras and thus made it significantly more difficult for the network to cover the parade (though the route now passes along the west side of the network's Black Rock headquarters building along Sixth Avenue, and the hosts are stationed on a temporary tower platform at the Sixth/W. 53rd St. corner of the building); CBS nevertheless continues to cover the parade to the same extent as in previous years.
Since 2003, the parade has been broadcast simultaneously in Spanish on the sister network of NBCUniversal (Telemundo) hosted by María Celeste Arrarás from 2003-2006. The parade won nine Emmy Awards for outstanding achievements in special event coverage since 1979.
At first, the telecasts were only an hour long. In 1961, the telecast expanded to two hours,[44] and was then reduced to 90 minutes in 1962, before reverting to a two-hour telecast in 1965; all three hours of the parade were televised by 1969.[45] The event began to be broadcast in color in 1960.[46] NBC airs the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade live in the Eastern Time Zone as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as they use feeds from that time zone, but tape delays the telecast elsewhere in the continental U.S. and territories from the Central Time Zone westward to allow the program to air in the same 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. timeslot across its owned-and-operated and affiliated stations; since the morning program's expansion to three hours in 2000 and eventually to four hours, NBC's Today only airs for two hours Thanksgiving morning as a result, pre-empting the latter two talk-focused hours of the show for the day. NBC began airing a same-day afternoon rebroadcast of the parade in 2009 (replacing the annual broadcast of Miracle on 34th Street, which NBC had lost the broadcast television rights to that year). CBS's unauthorized coverage airs live in most time zones, allowing viewers to see the parade as many as two hours before the official NBC coverage airs in their area; CBS still broadcasts the parade on delay on the West Coast, immediately after the Detroit Lions Thanksgiving game in even-numbered years when CBS carries it, or at 9 a.m. local time in odd-numbered years when they carry the Dallas Cowboys Thanksgiving game.[43]
From 1962 to 1972, NBC's coverage was hosted by Lorne Greene (who was then appearing on NBC's Bonanza) and Betty White. Ed McMahon hosted the parade in 1974, then hosted until 1981. Since 1982, NBC has appointed at least one of the hosts of Today to emcee the television broadcast, starting with Bryant Gumbel, who hosted the parade until 1984. From 1987 to 1997, NBC's coverage was hosted by longtime Today weather anchor Willard Scott. During that period, their co-hosts included Mary Hart, Sandy Duncan, and Today colleagues Deborah Norville and Katie Couric. In recent years, NBC's coverage has been hosted by Today anchors Matt Lauer (from 1998 to 2017), Meredith Vieira (from 2006 to 2010), Ann Curry (2011), Savannah Guthrie (since 2012) and Hoda Kotb (since 2018) as well as Today weather anchor Al Roker who usually joins the producers of the parade and special guests in the ribbon cutting ceremony.
From the early 1980s until circa 1994, the television broadcast was produced and directed by Dick Schneider; since circa 1994, it has been executive produced by Brad Lachman (who has otherwise been known for producing reality television series), produced by Bill Bracken and directed by veteran sitcom director Gary Halvorson. Announcements during the telecast were first provided by Don Pardo, followed by Lynda Lopez, the telecast's only female announcer, who served during the decade wherein Willard Scott was the parade's host; from circa 1994 to 2010, announcer duties were helmed by Joel Godard (who also served as the announcer for Late Night with Conan O'Brien for much of that period), and then were assumed by Today announcer Les Marshak with the 2011 telecast. The musical director for the television coverage is veteran composer/arranger Milton DeLugg.
CBS's coverage was originally part of the "All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade," a broadcast that included footage from multiple parades across North America, including parades at Detroit, Philadelphia and Disneyland (the latter was later replaced by Opryland USA in 1997 and after that Miami Beach), and taped footage of the Toronto Santa Claus Parade (taped usually the second or third weekend of November) and the Aloha Floral Parade in Honolulu (which usually took place in September). Beginning in 2004, however, CBS has focused exclusively on the Macy's parade, but avoids using the Macy's name due to the lack of an official license. To compensate for the fact that the Broadway and music performances can only appear on NBC, CBS adds their own pre-recorded performances (also including Broadway shows, although different from the ones that are part of the official parade and recorded off-site) to fill out the special.[47]
For the 1997 parade, MTV guest reporters, Beavis and Butt-head, with host Kurt Loder, provided their usual style of commentary on aspects of the parade, and of their take on Thanksgiving in general. The special, titled Beavis and Butt-head Do Thanksgiving, included a balloon of Beavis and Butt-head spectating from their couch. The balloon was not participating in the parade, but stationed on top of a building alongside the parade route.
Radio coverage is provided by Entercom's WINS (1010 AM) in New York City. It is one of the few times throughout the year in which that station breaks away from its all-news radio format.
Since 2016, Verizon has produced a 360-degree virtual reality live telecast of the parade, with minimal commentary, made available through YouTube.[48] The 2019 edition, produced in cooperation with NBC, had more extensive production, adding hosts Terry Crews, Lilly Singh and Ross Matthews, also adding "virtual balloons" generated through viewers' votes.[49]
Parade route[]
The Parade has always taken place in Manhattan. The parade originally started from 145th Street in Harlem and ended at Macy's flagship in Herald Square (at the intersection of Broadway, Sixth Avenue, and 34th Street), making a 6-mile (9.7 km) route.[6]
In the 1930s, the balloons were inflated around 110th Street and Amsterdam Avenue, near the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The parade proceeded south on Amsterdam Avenue to 106th Street and turned east. At Columbus Avenue, the balloons had to be lowered to go under the Ninth Avenue El. Past the El tracks, the parade proceeded east on 106th Street to Central Park West and turned south to terminate at Macy's flagship.
A new route was established for the 2009 parade. From 77th Street and Central Park West, the route went south along Central Park to Columbus Circle, then east along Central Park South. The parade would then make a right turn at 7th Avenue and go south to Times Square. At 42nd Street, the parade turned left and went east, then at 6th Avenue turned right again at Bryant Park. Heading south on 6th Avenue, the parade turned right at 34th Street (at Herald Square) and proceeded west to the terminating point at 7th Avenue where the floats are taken down.[50] The 2009 route change eliminated Broadway completely, where the parade has traveled down for decades. The City of New York said that the new route would provide more space for the parade, and more viewing space for spectators. Another reason for implementing the route change is the city's subsequent transformation of Broadway into a pedestrian-only zone at Times Square.[51]
Another new route was introduced with the 2012 parade. This change is similar to the 2009 route, but eliminated Times Square altogether, instead going east from Columbus Circle along Central Park South, then south on Sixth Avenue to Herald Square.[52][53]
Balloon teams race through Columbus Circle due to higher winds in this flat area, making it an unsuitable observation location. New York City officials preview the parade route and try to eliminate as many potential obstacles as possible, including rotating overhead traffic signals out of the way. Viewing is restricted from 38th Street through the end of the parade route, as this area is used for the NBC telecast.[54]
Injuries[]
On November 25, 1993, strong gusts of wind pushed the Sonic the Hedgehog balloon into a lamppost at Columbus Circle. The lamppost damaged the balloon and the top of the post broke off while inside the balloon, dragging it down, injuring a child and an off-duty police officer in the process.[55][56]
In 1997, very high winds pushed the Cat in the Hat balloon into a lamppost.[57] The falling debris struck a parade-goer, fracturing her skull and leaving her in a coma for a month. Balloon size regulations were implemented the next year, eliminating larger balloons such as the Cat in the Hat.[58]
In 2005, the M&M's balloon collided with a streetlight in Times Square; parts of the light fell on two sisters, who suffered minor injuries. As a result, new safety rules were introduced.[59] The M&M's balloon was retired.[60]
Similar parades[]
Other American cities also have parades held on Thanksgiving, none of which are run by Macy's. The nation's oldest Thanksgiving parade (the Gimbels parade, which has had many sponsors over the years, and is now known as the 6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade) was first held in Philadelphia in 1920. Other cities with parades on the holiday include the McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago, Illinois and parades in Plymouth, Massachusetts; Seattle, Washington; Houston, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; and Fountain Hills, Arizona. There is also a second Thanksgiving balloon parade within the New York metropolitan area, the UBS balloon parade in Stamford, Connecticut, located 30 miles (48 km) away; that parade is held the Sunday before Thanksgiving, so as not to compete with the parade in New York City. It usually does not duplicate any balloon characters. The Celebrate the Season Parade, held the last Saturday in November in Pittsburgh, was sponsored by Macy's from 2006 to 2013 after Macy's bought the Kaufmann's store chain that had sponsored that parade prior to 2006.
Universal's Holiday Parade Featuring Macy's[]
Since 2001, Macy's Studios has partnered with the Universal Orlando Resort (owned by NBC parent NBCUniversal) to bring balloons and floats from New York City to the theme park in Florida every holiday season in an event known as the Macy's Holiday Parade. The parade is performed daily and includes the iconic Santa Claus float. Performers from the Orlando area are cast as various clowns, and the park used to invite guests to be "balloon handlers" for the parade.[61] In 2017, the Macy's Holiday Parade was renamed to Universal's Holiday Parade Featuring Macy's.
In popular culture[]
- The 1947 film Miracle on 34th Street, begins with the parade, as do most of its remakes. The film portrays the real Santa Claus being hired to work at Macy's after its own Santa impersonator gets drunk during the parade. NBC, in its telecasts, often showed the original 1947 film on Thanksgiving afternoon, following its coverage of the parade and the National Dog Show.
- In the Seinfeld episode "The Mom and Pop Store", Elaine wins a spot on the parade route for her boss, Mr. Pitt, to hold the Woody Woodpecker balloon.
- The parade is featured in the children's book We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story and its animated film adaption which where Rex mistakenly befriends a dinosaur balloon.
- The first Thanksgiving-themed episode of Friends centered on the accidental release of the (unused at the time) "Underdog" balloon.
- "Macy's Day Parade" is a song by Green Day.
- In 2008, a Coca-Cola CGI ad aired in the United States during Super Bowl XLII. The commercial's plot centered around Underdog and fictional Stewie Griffin balloons chasing a Coke bottle-shaped balloon through New York City. The spot ended with a Charlie Brown balloon holding the Coke balloon. The advertisement won a Silver Lion Award at the annual Lions International Advertising Festival in Cannes, France that year, and the clip of the commercial with the Griffin balloon was featured in a Macy's commercial in October 2008 (along with clips from Miracle on 34th Street, I Love Lucy, Seinfeld and other media where Macy's was mentioned). The commercial was also referenced in an episode of Family Guy. Stewie, one of its main characters, is seen watching the parade only to see the balloon of himself in the parade.
- In the 2016 reboot of Ghostbusters, the new team of Ghostbusters fights a haunted balloon parade including several Macy's balloons from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.
References[]
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Portfolio of Brad Lachman-produced programs". Retrieved November 22, 2012.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Millions Of Revelers Marvel Over Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". CBS Broadcasting Inc. November 24, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Grippo, Robert (2004). Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. San Francisco, CA: Arcadia Publishing. p. 9.
- ↑ "Macy Christmas Parade Big Thanksgiving Day Feature". The Central New Jersey Home News: p. 9. November 26, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14902256/.
- ↑ "Santa Claus Will Formally Enter New York in Macy's Parade". The Courier-News (Bridgewater, NJ): p. 2. November 26, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7614926/.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Klein, Christopher (November 26, 2014). "The First Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". HISTORY. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mettler, Katie; Kirkpatrick, Nick (November 22, 2018). "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade: 91 years of looking up". Washington Post. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Nigro, Carmen (November 23, 2010). "Thanksgiving Ragamuffin Parade". New York Public Library. https://www.nypl.org/blog/2010/11/23/thanksgiving-ragamuffin-parade. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
- ↑ Stamp, Jimmy (November 27, 2013). "The Puppeteer Who Brought Balloons to the Thanksgiving Day Parade". Smithsonian. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Today on the Radio" (in en-US). The New York Times: p. 40. 1932-11-25. ISSN 0362-4331. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/11/24/issue.html.
- ↑ "Radio Today" (in en-US). The New York Times: p. 54. November 20, 1999. ISSN 0362-4331. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1999/11/20/issue.html.
- ↑ "Radio Today" (in en-US). The New York Times: p. 36. 1945-11-22. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1945/11/22/archives/radio-today.html.
- ↑ "On the Radio" (in en-US). The New York Times: p. 58. 1951-11-22. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1951/11/22/archives/on-the-radio.html.
- ↑ "MAYOR PLAYS ROLE OF DRAGON SLAYER; Stabs Huge Macy Balloon Into Rubber Scrap as Store Gives Up Annual Parade" (in en-US). The New York Times. November 14, 1942. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1942/11/14/archives/mayor-plays-role-of-dragon-slayer-stabs-huge-macy-balloon-into.html.
- ↑ "Get Set, Children, and Your Parents, Too; Genii Are Coming in Thanksgiving Parade" (in en-US). The New York Times. November 14, 1945. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1945/11/14/archives/get-set-children-and-your-parents-too-genii-are-coming-in.html.
- ↑ Firm Flying High With Order for 4 Giant Macy's Parade Balloons – Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com (November 25, 1987). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
- ↑ "Frigid winds to whip through NYC for Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". AccuWeather. November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "New Yorkers warned of severe wind on Thanksgiving Day". WCBS 880. November 27, 2019. https://wcbs880.radio.com/articles/news/new-yorkers-warned-of-severe-wind-on-thanksgiving-day.
- ↑ "Paradegoers Brave Coldest Thanksgiving in New York Since 1901" (in en). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/22/nyregion/cold-weather-thanksgiving-parade.html.
- ↑ "Today in New York Weather History: Thanksgiving Day Weather Highlights". New York City Weather Archive. Retrieved November 22, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ http://www.washingtontimes.com, The Washington Times. "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade airs 'first LGBTQ kiss' in parade's history". The Washington Times. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Henderson, Cydney. "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade earns praise for broadcasting same-sex kiss". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 23.0 23.1 Acuna, Kirsten; Austin, Christina; Michalski, Jennifer (November 27, 2013). "In 1927 ~ live animals from the Central Park Zoo". Business Insider. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade History - Macy's Day Parade: The Beginnings". NYC Tourist. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Grippo, Robert. "SEE IT: Rare footage of Underdog, Donald Duck, famous balloons of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". pix11.com. Scripps Media, Inc. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ McCarthy, Erin; Conradt, Stacy (November 20, 2019). "47 Fun Facts About the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade - 7. For A Few Years, There Were "Balloon Races."". Mental Floss. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Hughes, Clyde (November 27, 2019). "Decision for balloons at Macy's Thanksgiving parade coming Thursday". United Press International. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ New York Daily News (November 28, 2008). "Floating back in time with Macy's balloons". Retrieved November 28, 2008.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ First Time, "Spider-Man Returning to Macy's Thanksgiving Day Paradede", Associated Press via WCBS (AM), August 17, 2009 Archived November 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Snider, Mike (October 1, 2015). "Angry Bird balloon to take flight in annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/10/01/angry-bird-balloon-take-flight-annual-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/73130838/. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
- ↑ "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Info & More". macys.com. Macys.com, Inc. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Lakritz, Talia. "Here's what the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade looked like through the years". insider.com. Insider, Inc. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Conry, Tara. "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade fun facts". newsday.com. Newsday. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Jensen, Elizabeth (November 25, 2012). At ‘Sesame Street,’ a Void in a Close-Knit Troupe. The New York Times. Retrieved November 25, 2012. "The puppet was featured on a Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade float, with another puppeteer acting to Mr. Clash's taped voice."
- ↑ Romano, Nick. "Here's why stars lip sync during the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade". ew.com. Meredith Corporation. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade 2016: Tony Bennett performs — saved by Miss Piggy?". cartermatt.com. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Hadestown, Beetlejuice, Ain't Too Proud, and Tina to perform on the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" (in en). BroadwayWorld.com. November 13, 2019. https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/HADESTOWN-BEETLEJUICE-AINT-TOO-PROUD-and-TINA-to-Perform-on-the-Macys-Thanksgiving-Day-Parade-20191113. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- ↑ "Television" section of "Today on the Radio", The New York Times, November 23, 1939, p. 40.
- ↑ "Radio Today" (with television listings), The New York Times, November 20, 1941, p. 54.
- ↑ "Radio Today" (with television listings), The New York Times, November 22, 1945, p. 36.
- ↑ "Radio and Television", The New York Times, November 15, 1948, p. 44.
- ↑ "Radio and Television", The New York Times, November 21, 1949, p. 44.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 "The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS" will be anchored live by "The Early Show's" Dave Price and Maggie Rodriguez from New York's Times Square, Thursday, November 27 on the CBS Television Network Archived February 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. CBS press release (November 13, 2008). Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ↑ "Television", The New York Times, November 23, 1961, p. 71.
- ↑ "Television", The New York Times, November 27, 1969, p. 75.
- ↑ "Television", The New York Times, November 24, 1960, p. 67.
- ↑ Gioia, Michael (November 26, 2015). What Was It Like to Perform on the Macy's Parade? Over 20 Broadway Actors Remember a Dream Come True! Playbill. Retrieved November 26, 2015. "We pre-recorded the opening number of the show for the CBS broadcast, down on South Ferry."—Carly Hughes
- ↑ "Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade will be live-streamed on YouTube in 360-degree video".
{{cite web}}: - ↑ NBC and Verizon use the power of 5G to reimagine Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (press release)
- ↑ "City to Change Route of Thanksgiving Day Parade". NY1 News. April 10, 2009. http://www.ny1.com/Default.aspx?ArID=97183. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
- ↑ Newman, Andy (March 29, 2009). "Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade May Be Rerouted" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/30/nyregion/30parade.html.
- ↑ "New Route For Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade 2012". CBS New York – Breaking News, Sports, Weather, Traffic And The Best of NY. November 16, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ DeNinno, Nadine (November 21, 2012). "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade 2012: Floats And Lineup Preview, Route Map And Where To Watch Live Stream [PHOTOS]". International Business Times. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade - Info & More". macys.com. Macys.com, Inc. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Chan, Sewell (November 27, 2005). "Site of Balloon Accident Is Known for Its Crosswinds". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/27/nyregion/27parade.html. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ↑ Out-of-control Cat in the Hat balloon slams into lamppost, hurts 4 at 1997 Thanksgiving Parade (Video). WABC-TV. November 26, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H00YBqQ58hE.
- ↑ Martin, Douglas (November 28, 1997). "Macy's Parade of Balloons Gets One Thing It Doesn't Need: Wind". The New York Times. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E2DD133AF93BA15752C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ↑ "Macy's presents safer parade". CNN. November 26, 1998. http://www.cnn.com/US/9811/26/macys.parade.01. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ↑ "New safety rules for NYC Thanksgiving parade after balloon crash". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070310191509/http://www.wlbt.com/Global/story.asp?S=5435017&nav=2CSf. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
- ↑ "Retired Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Balloons". ABC News. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Universal Studios, Orlando: Theme Parks, Attractions, Accommodations Archived December 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
Further reading
- Bird, Jr., William L. (2007). Holidays on Display. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History in Association with Princeton Architectural Press.
External links[]
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