Acclaim Entertainment was an American video game publisher from Long Island, active from 1987 until filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on September 1, 2004. Through a series of acquisitions between 1990 and 2002, Acclaim built itself a large portfolio of subsidiaries acting in the fields of development and publishing.
Development[]
Acclaim Studios[]
Acclaim Studios was established in July 1998 to organize all Acclaim-owned development studios under one management.[1] In May 1999, all underlying studios were uniformly rebranded to bear the "Acclaim Studios" prefix.[2] Acclaim Studios and all of its development facilities were closed on August 27, 2004.[3]
Acclaim Studios Austin[]
Acclaim Studios Cheltenham[]
Acclaim Studios Cheltenham was based in Cheltenham, England. The studio was founded in 2000 by former employees of Psygnosis' South West studio.[4]
Acclaim Studios London[]
Acclaim Studios London was based in Croydon, England. The company was founded in 1984 by Fergus McGovern and Vakis Paraskeva under the name Probe Software,[5] which was later renamed Probe Entertainment.[6] By 1988, the company employed 72 people.[7] Several games developed by Probe included references to McGovern's name or likeness, including the sentence "Is that you, Fergus?" presented to players of Trantor: The Last Stormtrooper upon gaining a low score.[5] The company specialized in the development of arcade games and movie tie-ins, including Out Run, Mortal Kombat and FIFA Soccer.[8]
On October 10, 1995, Acclaim agreed to acquire Probe for 1,732 shares of common stock.[9][10] The deal closed on October 16 and was valued at US$40 million, making McGovern a millionaire.[9][8] The same year, McGovern also received a Lifetime Achievement Award for his work at Probe.[8] McGovern left the company a few years later to found HotGen, also a video game developer.[6][11] With the consolidation of Acclaim Studios' branding in May 1999, Probe was renamed Acclaim Studios London.[2] Acclaim Studios London was closed in April 2000.[12]
Acclaim Studios Manchester[]
Acclaim Studios Manchester was founded in Manchester as Software Creations, a sole trader company, by Richard Kay in 1985.[13] The following year, the company was joined by Steve Ruddy, who began working on Commodore 64 conversions of games like Mystery of the Nile and Kinetik.[13] Subsequently, further employees, including the Follin brothers and Mike Ager, followed after Ruddy and joined Software Creations.[13] Successful titles produced or ported by Software Creations include Bubble Bobble (1987), Bionic Commando (1988), and Tin Star (1994).[13] After developing ports of Ghouls 'n Ghosts and LED Storm in 1989, Software Creations moved into custom-built offices located within Manchester.[13] The Pickford brothers, John and Ste, joined the company in 1990, producing Equinox and Plok.[13] In 1994, Software Creations was acquired by BCE Multimedia and became part of Rage Software.[13]
On May 1, 2002, Acclaim announced that they had acquired Software Creations, which was renamed Acclaim Studios Manchester.[14][15] At the time, Software Creations had approximately 70 employees.[16] Acclaim Studios Manchester was closed as part of Acclaim Studios and all of its development facilities on August 27, 2004.[3] Rod Cousens and Barry Jafrato, who served as chief executive officer and head of publishing, respectively, for Acclaim, announced in September 2004 that they were planning to create as new video game publisher, Exclaim, with the help of Europlay Capital Advisers.[17] Exclaim was set to acquire and reinstantiate Acclaim's two UK studios, namely Manchester and Cheltenham, and re-employ their roughly 160.[18] Exclaim's opening was expected on October 11,[19] however, Cousen's ownership over the two studios was challenged by Acclaim's liquidator, Allan Mendelsohn, leaving the UK staff in a state of limbo.[20] A successor to Acclaim Studios Manchester, SilverBack Studios, was founded by Jon Oldham in April 2005 and employed 15 former Acclaim Studios Manchester staff.[21][22]
Acclaim Studios Salt Lake City[]
Acclaim Studios Salt Lake City was based in Salt Lake City, Utah. The company was founded as Sculptured Software by George Matos, Bryan Brandenburg, Peter Adams, Mike Macris and Bob Burgener,[23] and incorporated on July 12, 1985.[24] Significant games developed by Sculptured Software include NHL Stanley Cup, WWF Super WrestleMania, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System conversion of Doom, and Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back.[25]
Acclaim agreed to acquire Sculptured Software on October 9, 1995, and closed the deal the following day.[10][9] The deal included a transaction of 1,013 shares of common stock, valued at $30 million.[9][26] By February 1996, Sculptured Software employed 140 employees, and all founders but Matos had left the company.[23] Matos left the company the following year to found Kodiak Interactive Software Studios.[27] By December 1997, Sculptured Software was renamed Iguana West.[28][29] With the consolidation of Acclaim Studios' branding in May 1999, Iguana West was renamed Acclaim Studios Salt Lake City.[2] Acclaim Studios Salt Lake City was dissolved as a cost-cutting exercise in December 2002.[30] Through the closure, 70 employees were laid off and an unannounced title was canceled, while the remaining staff and the development of a third installment in the Legends of Wrestling series were shifted to Acclaim Studios Austin.[12]
Acclaim Studios Stroud[]
Acclaim Studios Stroud was formed in July 1999 to focus on the development of PlayStation games.[31] Led by Neil Duffield, the studio's team was made up of 26 staff formerly employed by Psygnosis.[32]
Acclaim Studios Teesside[]
Acclaim Studios Teesside was based in Stockton-on-Tees, England.[33] The company was founded in February 1988 by brothers Darren and Jason Falcus, at the time aged 19 and 18, respectively,[34] under the name Optimus Software.[33] The company was originally located in Stockton, where the Falcus brothers were born as well.[33] Both founders had previously started programming in 1981,[33] and released their first game, Castle of Doom, in 1983.[34] Games released by Optimus Software generated retail sales in excess of US$500 million.[33] These games included Big Nose the Caveman and the Seymour series, both of which they developed for Codemasters.[35]
In 1993, Optimus Software was acquired by Iguana Entertainment to undisclosed terms.[33][36] Subsequently, the company moved to new offices located in Middlesbrough,[33] and was renamed Iguana UK.[36] Iguana Entertainment itself was acquired by Acclaim in 1995, at which point Iguana UK moved back to Stockton.[37] Under the new banner, Iguana UK and the Falcus brothers developed the Shadow Man series, home console versions of various NBA Jam titles, and the Nintendo 64 version of Forsaken.[35] With the consolidation of Acclaim Studios' branding in May 1999, Iguana UK was renamed Acclaim Studios Teesside.[2] The Falcus brothers left the company in February 2000 and founded Atomic Planet Entertainment.[33][37] At that time, the studio had 75 employees.[34] The studio was closed in May 2002.[12]
Publishing[]
Acclaim Coin-Operated Entertainment[]
Acclaim Coin-Operated Entertainment was an Acclaim subsidiary based in Mountain View, California,[38] that focused on releasing coin-operated arcade games.[39] It was established in July 1994.[40] Leon Deith served as sales director for the company, as of January 1998.[39] Acclaim Coin-Operated Entertainment was closed in March 1998, as Acclaim wanted to shift development resources to Acclaim Studios closer to the company's headquarters in New York City.[41]
Acclaim Comics[]
Acclaim Distribution[]
Acclaim Distribution was established in June 1993 to act as the distributor for Acclaim.[40] Companies that partnered with Acclaim Distribution for distribution services include Digital Pictures, Marvel Entertainment, Sound Source Interactive, Sunsoft, and Interplay Productions.[40]
Lazer-Tron[]
Lazer-Tron Corporation focused on the production of coin-operated "redemption games".[40] The company was acquired by Acclaim on August 31, 1995, in exchange of 1,123 shares of Acclaim's common stock.[40] Acclaim sold off all assets of Lazer-Tron on March 5, 1997, for $6,000 in cash.[42]
LJN[]
LJN was a toy and video game company located in New York City. The company was founded in 1970 by Jack Friedman, using funds from his former employer, Norman J. Lewis Associates.[43] Friedman served as president for the company.[44] On March 26, 1985, MCA Inc. agreed to acquire 63% of LJN in exchange for $39.8 million in stock.[45][46] The deal closed with a transaction of a total of US$67 million.[47] Following the acquisition, LJN's revenue doubled to $27 million by 1986, and continued to rise into 1987.[47] However, a faulty toy gun manufactured by LJN caused MCA's profits to fall by 79.5%, to $8.1 million, in 1987's second quarter.[48] The same year, Friedman left the company.[43] LJN did not recover, as a result of which MCA announced on January 22, 1990, that they intended to sell the company.[48][49] MCA agreed to sell LJN to Acclaim, for an undisclosed sum paid in cash and stock, on March 13, 1990.[50][51] LJN was dissolved in 1995.[52] In 2018, the brand name was revived for the production of wrestling action figures, starting with those based on the team The Young Bucks.[53]Template:Unreliable-inline
Flying Edge[]
Flying Edge was a division of Acclaim that was founded in 1992 to publish games on Sega consoles. The division was dissolved in 1994.[citation needed]
Arena Entertainment[]
Arena Entertainment was a division formed under Mirrorsoft to publish games on Sega platforms. Arena was acquired by Acclaim in 1992 and dissolved in 1994.[citation needed]
Acclaim Sports[]
Acclaim Sports was established as a division of Acclaim in November 1997, as part of a $4 million–$6 million marketing campaign for NFL Quarterback Club '98.[54] Acclaim stated that the creation of the target specifically targeted challenging Electronic Arts' EA Sports label.[54] Bob Picunko was appointed director of marketing of Acclaim Sports.[54]
Club Acclaim[]
Club Acclaim was a division of Acclaim announced in January 2000, originally for a line of Game Boy Color games directed towards a younger audience.[55] Club Acclaim's most successful games were those based on Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen.[56]
AKA Acclaim[]
AKA Acclaim was a division of Acclaim that released extreme sports games. Originally known as Acclaim Max Sports, the division was renamed AKA Acclaim in 2002, and was discontinued in 2003.[citation needed]
References[]
- ↑ "Computer game-maker shifts personnel". The Business Journals. July 30, 1998.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Acclaim Studios Evolves into a Single Worldwide Entity; Internal Development Cornerstone of Product Success. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Perry, Douglass C. (August 27, 2004). "Acclaim Closes Offices". ign.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Strohm, Axel (June 26, 2001). "First look: Extreme-G 3". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Sinclair ZX Spectrum Vega Plus Smashes Target - Retro Gamer". retrogamer.net. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Probe Software founder Fergus McGovern passes away". eurogamer.net. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Amstrad Computer User 01-90 (Aug 84 - May 92)". Retrieved August 26, 2018 – via Internet Archive.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Johnson, Bobbie (June 24, 2008). "Fergus McGovern: The games whizzkid who had everything". the Guardian. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "ACCLAIM ENTERTAINMENT INC - 10-K Annual Report - 08/31/1996". Get Filings. December 17, 1996.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 10.0 10.1 "COMPANY BRIEFS". nytimes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Obituary: Fergus McGovern". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Acclaim ferme son studio de Salt Lake". gamekult.com. December 16, 2002. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Bevan, Mike (December 2013). "Bubbles, Baseball and Buzz Saws...". Retro Gamer (Imagine Publishing) (122): 74–79.
- ↑ Staff, I. G. N. (May 1, 2002). "Acclaim Acquires New Studio". ign.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Acclaim Studios Manchester formed". eurogamer.net. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Acclaim Launches New Studio In Manchester, UK". gamasutra.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Jenkins, David. "Gamasutra - The Art & Business of Making Games". www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Former Acclaim boss in rescue bid for UK studios". eurogamer.net. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Acclaim CEO's new company plans to launch next week". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Acclaim UK studios' future unclear as Exclaim deal stalls". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Former Acclaim title returns". eurogamer.net. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "SilverBack Studios launches from the ashes of Acclaim UK". gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 23.0 23.1 "ONCE-STRUGGLING S.L. VIDEO FIRM HITS THE BIG TIME". deseretnews.com. February 18, 1996. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "FindLaw's Supreme Court of Utah case and opinions". Findlaw. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Avalanche: From Mortal Kombat To Toy Story 3". gameinformer.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "The End Game: How Top Developers Sold Their Studios - Part One". gamasutra.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). "EA Invests in Kodiak". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Staff, I. G. N. (December 16, 1997). "Iguana Breaks the Ice". ign.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Staff, I. G. N. (April 1, 1999). "Breaking into the Industry Vol. 5". ign.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Varanini, Giancarlo (December 9, 2002). "Acclaim closes Salt Lake City studio". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Kennedy, Sam (May 9, 2000). "Acclaim Announces New Studio". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "Acclaim forms new playstation team". tomshardware.co.uk. July 12, 1999. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 "Falcus Brothers Complete 15 Years in Business - Timeline Event". spong.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 "In conversation with Jason Falcus". GamesTM. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 35.0 35.1 Caoili, Eric. "Worms Studio Team17 Amps Up Social Strategy With Iguana Acquisition". gamasutra.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 36.0 36.1 "A Retrospective: The Story of Retro Studios". ign.com. December 17, 2004. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 37.0 37.1 Live, Teesside (July 21, 2003). "Bites or bytes, there's a huge appetite for Tees excellence". gazettelive.co.uk. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ https://www.arcade-museum.com/manuals-videogames/N/NBAJamExtreme.pdf
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). "Acclaim Joins Arcade Initiative". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 "ACCLAIM ENTERTAINMENT INC - 10-K Annual Report - 08/31/1995". Get Filings. December 8, 1995.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Johnston, Chris (April 28, 2000). "Acclaim Closes Arcade Division". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "ACCLAIM ENTERTAINMENT INC - 10-K Annual Report - 08/31/1997". Get Filings. November 12, 1997.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 43.0 43.1 Nelson, Valerie J. (May 6, 2010). "Jack Friedman dies at 70; toy maker". Retrieved August 26, 2018 – via LA Times.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "BUSINESS PEOPLE; HEAD OF LNJ TOYS SEES SUCCESS THROUGH 'E.T.'". nytimes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ HARRIS, KATHRYN (March 27, 1985). "MCA Agrees to Acquire L.J.N. Toys : Entertainment Firm to Exchange Up to $39.8 Million in Stock". Retrieved August 26, 2018 – via LA Times.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "MCA Acquisition". nytimes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 47.0 47.1 Fabrikant, Geraldine. "MCA TURNS HAND TO ACQUISITIONS". nytimes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ 48.0 48.1 Jr, JUBE SHIVER (January 23, 1990). "MCA to Sell LJN Toys Unit After Losses". Retrieved August 26, 2018 – via LA Times.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "COMPANY NEWS; MCA Taking Loss In Sale of Toy Unit". nytimes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Writer, From a Times Staff (March 13, 1990). "MCA Agrees to Sell Ailing Toy Unit". Retrieved August 26, 2018 – via LA Times.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "MCA in Pact With Acclaim". nytimes.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ https://www.destructoid.com/wow-ljn-really-hated-kids-287294.phtml
- ↑ Heel, N. (December 3, 2018). "The Young Bucks Reportedly Sign Deal To Revive LJN Action Figure Line". Heel By Nature. https://heelbynature.com/wrestling-news/the-young-bucks-reportedly-sign-deal-with-to-revive-ljn-action-figure-line/.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "Acclaim pumps up sports games". adage.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Staff, Gamespot (April 26, 2000). "Acclaim Talks 2000 Game Lineup". gamespot.com. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ "The best game EVAR! - News". Nintendo World Report. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
{{cite web}}: