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Fox Mulder

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File:Xfiles-FoxMulder-small.jpg

David Duchovny as Fox Mulder

FBI Special agent Fox William Mulder is a fictional character in the American FOX television shows The X-Files and The Lone Gunmen, two science fiction shows about a government conspiracy to hide or deny the truth of Alien existence. With his FBI partner Dana Scully, he works in the X-Files office, which is concerned with cases with particularly mysterious or possibly paranormal circumstances that were left unsolved and shelved by the FBI. Portrayed by American actor David Duchovny, Mulder was a main character for the first seven seasons but was limited to a recurring character for the last two seasons because portraying actor Duchovny wanted to move on.

Mulder made his first appearance in the first season pilot episode, broadcasted in 1993. Mulder believes in unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and a government conspiracy to hide or deny the truth of their existence. Mulder considers the X-Files and the truth behind the supposed conspiracy so important that he has made them the main focus of his life.

Character arc[]

Mulder was born on October 13, 1961 in Chilmark, Massachusetts to Bill and Teena Mulder,[1][2] while it is later proven that the Cigarette Smoking Man is Mulder's biological father.[3] He has a younger sister, Samantha Mulder, who was born on January 22, 1964[4] and a half brother Jeffrey Spender.[3] The Mulder family had a summer house in Quonochontaug, Rhode Island, where Fox and Samantha would play during summer vacations.[5][6] On November 27, 1973, Samantha disappeared mysteriously from their home in Chilmark, Massachusetts on Martha's Vineyard, an event which had a severe impact on the Mulder family, especially Fox. The subsequent investigation into her disappearance turned up no evidence. Soon after, Mulder's parents divorced.[5] After being under hypnosis, Mulder discovered that his sister was abducted by aliens.[7]

The disappearance of Mulder's sister and his search for her soon after became the main consuming drive of his life.[2] In 1983, Mulder entered Oxford University to study psychology. It is known that Mulder joined the FBI on October 24, 1986, but it is unclear whether that is the date when he began his Quantico Academy course or finished it.[8] On graduating from the Academy, Mulder began his work in the Behavioral Science Unit (psychological profiling) under Agent Bill Patterson, with whom he had a testing relationship. [9]

Mulder continued working for the Violent Crime Unit, pursuing the paranormal in his spare time. In 1991 Mulder re-opened The X-Files with Special agent Diana Fowley, who left shortly thereafter leaving Mulder alone in The X-Files Unit.[10] In March 1992, Dana Scully was assigned to The X-Files to use her background in hard science to apply scientific reasoning and expertise to evaluating Mulder's work with the X-Files.[7]

Mulder's ultimate goal was to uncover what he believed to be a government conspiracy to hide the truth about alien life, and to find out what had happened to his sister.[7] His quest and belief in the existence of aliens was, for most of the series, the driving force of the plot, or mytharc. However, during a period of time after Scully's cancer went into remission (season 5), Mulder was convinced by Michael Kritschgau that aliens did not in fact exist, and that the government conspirators had merely concocted that threat as a smokescreen, to toy with him.[11][12]

During the seventh season, Mulder eventually discovers the truth about his sister. Samantha was abducted (either by the alien colonists or the government conspirators), and various tests were performed on her. She was then returned to the Cigarette Smoking Man to live out her life under his supervision, all the while undergoing additional tests. She was unable to bear the testing any longer so she ran away from her home and was eventually admitted to a nearby hospital, where she disappeared from her locked room. It is revealed that Samantha was taken by "spiritual intervention," with the help of beings called "Walk-ins." Mulder is briefly reunited with Samantha's spirit.[13]

Mulder was also abducted by the aliens himself in 2000, and returned to Earth, almost dead, a few months later.[14] He had been infected by an alien virus (for the second time), but Scully found a way to rescue him.[15] After Mulder returned home to his apartment, an application was submitted to the FBI for his reinstatement to the X-files but this was declined by Deputy Director Alvin Kersh, who had been promoted in charge of the X-files shortly after Mulder had been abducted. He returned to work for a brief period of time,[16] but was eventually fired when not following orders to not investigate any X-Files.[17] After Scully gave birth to William, Mulder went into hiding in New Mexico after Kersh said his life was in danger.[18]

After about a year in hiding, Mulder obtains crucial information from a secret facility about the date of the planned alien colonization effort, but is caught and put on trial for the murder of Knowle Rohrer. Despite a defense organized by Walter Skinner with numerous witnesses, the judges sentence Mulder to death. With help from several people, including a reformed Kersh and the ghost of Alex Krycek, Mulder breaks out of prison and escapes with Scully. As of the series finale, Mulder and Scully were on the run.[19] Six years after the events of the ninth season, Fox Mulder's fugitive status is clear. Scully mentions that he is wanted by the FBI and dialogue also shows that the FBI does not really want to find him and is simply happy to have him "out of their hair". He is called to assist with the investigation of a missing FBI agent. In exchange for his help, all charges against him are dropped.[20]

Characterization[]

"If there was a profiler like himself profiling him he would have to work from the fact that he has some oral fixation because he is constantly popping sunflower seeds. He doesn't have a bedroom, you've never seen him his bed, you've seen him sleeping only in the couch."
— David Duchovny talking about his character.[21]

Despite his aloofness and cynical sense of humor, Mulder displays unbridled enthusiasm and interest when it comes to the paranormal, especially because of his personal involvement after his sister's abduction.[7] Walter Skinner and many others in the department have become concerned by his less than professional behavior. This only proves true as Mulder makes a habit of letting his personal feelings get in the way of an investigation. His emotional attachment to the UFO cases becomes more severe throughout the series, not just because of his sister's abduction, but because of Dana Scully's eventual abduction as well, and the cancer resulting from it.[13] Mulder is also quick to lose control of his temper and his senses when Scully is involved; he has on more than one occasion drawn or referred to his firearm in an unprofessional manner and become violent in his grief.[22] Mulder's overprotectiveness where Scully is concerned stems not only from his obvious devotion and love for her, but also a long-harbored guilt; Mulder has admitted feeling indirectly responsible for Scully's abduction, the cancer and infertility resulting from it, and the deaths of her sister and daughter.

In the episode "Drive", Mulder facetiously apologizes on behalf of the "international Jewish conspiracy" in response to the abusive and anti-Semitic tirades of a suspect, to which Mulder appears to take offence; the suspect also guesses Mulder's ethnicity is Jewish based on his surname.[23] Despite this, in the episode "Kaddish," Mulder is unable to identify a Talmudic book, states (albeit somewhat wistfully) that he does not know Hebrew, and quips that Jesus returned from the dead.[24] Also, Mulder, as his father before him,[25] had a Christian burial presided over by a Protestant minister following his apparent "death" in the episode "Deadalive".[15] This suggests he hails from a Protestant background, as Scully hails from a Catholic background.[26] Mulder also seeks comfort in a Christian church following the events of the episode "Conduit".[4] Of course Mulder could conceivably be of a Jewish ethnic descent but a Christian background, perhaps through ancestral marriage or conversion. David Duchovny suggested Mulder is Jewish when interviewed during the second season.[27]

Mulder is almost never seen sleeping in a bed. The bedroom in his apartment (which appeared as late as the sixth season of the show's run) is apparently used for storage and is filled floor to ceiling with junk, including a couple of boxes of pornographic magazines.[2] Instead, Mulder sleeps on his couch, often falling asleep to a blaring television. Mulder can seem to go through manic periods when worried or working on a case, contributing to or exacerbating his insomniac tendencies.[28] Since "Dreamland II" where a 'man In Black' body-swaps with Mulder and takes over his life, Mulder gets his bedroom renovated and equipped with a waterbed.[2] In "Monday" he finds himself soaked through when his waterbed (which he can't remember getting) is leaking.[29]

Relationships[]

"He's a guy who should be working, and he's not working because he's tried to make this relationship with Scully work."
— David Duchovny in an interview talking about The X-Files: I Want to Believe.[30]

Mulder had a rather strained relationship with his parents Bill and Teena Mulder, not least thanks to the X-Files. Initially, he had no idea his father was involved in the conspiracy and Samantha's disappearance. Bill, who became disenchanted with the shadow government and his own role in the conspiracy, eventually approached Fox about his past deeds, but was shot and killed by Alex Krycek - working as an assassin for the Syndicate - before he could reveal any great amount of information.[31] Over the next few years, Mulder got into several conflicts with his mother while trying to discover the extent of her own knowledge of his father's precise involvement. Teena dies of an apparent suicide, when the stress of Samantha's abduction finally becomes too painful.[32]

During the last years of his work on the X-Files, Mulder was even forced to doubt that Bill was his true father. He is led to consider the possibility that his mother had had an affair with the Cigarette Smoking Man, a connection which may have resulted in the birth of either Samantha or Mulder himself.[6] The possibility was hinted at later in the series, and Jeffrey Spender, who certainly was the Cigarette Smoking Man's son, said that Mulder was his half-brother. In the ninth season, "William" explains that Spender and Mulder have very similar DNA, providing strong evidence that they do have the same father.[3][33]

Mulder's closest friend was FBI partner Dana Scully, who was assigned to "debunk [his] work" by the conspirators and the FBI brass. But against their intentions, her loyalties quickly became affixed to Mulder's quest and Mulder himself, a connection which seemed to pull Mulder's work out of obscurity, as Scully's scientific bent afforded them a certain amount of credibility.[7] Their intense professional and personal relationship continued to strengthen through the years. While the relationship was platonic for the greater part of the series, there are clues that it developed into a romantic one by the last few seasons.[18] Mulder and Scully almost always called each other by their surnames - Mulder purportedly hated his first name, but Scully had no such aversion.[28] At the end of season eight, the romantic undertones were confirmed when the two shared a kiss.[18] In the series finale, the very last scene depicted Mulder and Scully in bed together, contemplating what the future held.[19]

Mulder's greatest nemesis was the Cigarette Smoking Man, who, despite his obvious ill-intent, seemed to hold Mulder in special regard. Though he mocked Mulder to his face for his foolishness and the futility of his quest, in "Two Fathers" he told his son Jeffrey Spender, "You pale to Fox Mulder."[33] Mulder also developed an intense enmity for Alex Krycek, a double agent who briefly worked with Mulder in the FBI as an infiltrator,[34] and who continued to serve as a recurring adversary, acting as an assassin for the Syndicate in the murders of Bill Mulder and Melissa Scully.[25][31]

Conceptual history[]

File:David Duchovny Golden Globe 2009 afterparty.jpg

Duchovny portrayed Mulder, the main character in the first seven seasons of the series, and a recurring character in the two last.

David Duchovny had worked in Los Angeles three years prior to The X-Files, at first he wanted to base his acting career around films. But in 1993 his manager, Melanie Green gave him a script of the "pilot episode" of The X-Files. Green and Duchovny were both convinced it was a good script, so Duchovny auditioned for the lead.[35] When Duchovny was auditioning for the part of Fox Mulder, he made a "terrific" audition, but talked rather slow. Chris Carter thought that he was a "good judge of character", and thought that Duchovny wasn't rather "bright". So he went and talked to Duchovny and asked him if he could "please" imagine himself as an FBI agent for the "future" weeks. The casting director of the show, was very positive towards him. While according to Carter, Duchovny turned out to be one of the best-read people he knew.[36] After getting the role, Duchovny thought the show wouldn't last for long or that it wouldn't make as much impact as it did.[35]

Carter has said that he named Mulder after his mother's maiden name. His first name, Fox, was actually not a tribute to the Fox network which aired The X-Files, as often assumed. Carter said he had a childhood friend named Fox. When Duchovny got the script many of his characteristics were "fully formed".[35] Executive producer Frank Spotnitz called portraying actor Duchovny "amazingly smart". He further stated that Duchovny was behind some of the main characteristic ideas behind Mulder.[37]

At the end of the seventh season Duchovny was fighting for a "better" contract with the FOX network, saying he wanted more money (while not saying how much) and a better scheduled work hour.[38] After settling his contract dispute, portraying actor Duchovny quit full-time participation in the show after the seventh season.[39] This contributed to uncertainties over the likelihood of an eighth season.[40] Carter and most fans felt the show was at its natural endpoint with Duchovny's departure, but it was decided Mulder would be abducted at the end of the seventh season, leaving things open for the actor's return in 12 episodes the following year.[41] Duchovny's character Mulder was replaced by John Jay Doggett (portrayed by Robert Patrick). In season nine, Duchovny wasn't available for shooting, so he only appeared in three episodes with small cameos, the first being a archive footage only in "Trust No 1", a brief cameo in "William", which he also directed and appeared full-time in the series finale, "The Truth".[42]

After the shows cancellation, Carter and Frank Spotnitz started to talk about a movie sequel. Duchovny stated in an interview that very same year that it always had been a "desire" to come back to the franchise, saying it was a "natural" stage of development for the franchise to go to the cinema. When talking about Mulder in The X-Files: I Want to Believe, Duchovny said that he wanted to play him a "little different". He continued saying that Mulder had "lost every battle" saying he was "beated down by life [...]. He’s the same guy, but he is older Mulder”.[43]

Mulder had a brief cameo on The Lone Gunmen, an X-Files spin-off featuring the the characters of the same name. He appeared on the episode "All About Yves". In the Millennium episode "Lamentation," The main character, Frank Black, visits the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, and Mulder and Dana Scully are briefly seen descending a stairway. In fact, they are Duchovny and Andersons' stand-ins.[44]

Reception[]

"I'm the conduit through which America views the soft underbelly of women's erotic desires"
— David Duchovny talking about his success portraying Fox Mulder.[45]

Portraying actor David Duchovny was nominated for two Emmy Awards in 1997 and 1998 in the category "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series", but lost.[46] He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1995 in the category "Best Actor - Drama Series". Two years later he was again nominated for a Golden Globe in the same category and won, in 1997 and 1998 he was nominated in the same category but didn't win.[47] Duchovny has been nominated five times in the category "Outstanding Actor - Drama Series" by the Screen Actors Guild awards but didn't win once.[48][49][50][51][52] Duchovny won a Satellite Award in the category "Best Actor - Drama Series" in 1997,[53] and was nominated once again 1998.[54]

Animated versions of Mulder appeared on The Simpsons and Eek! the Cat, in the episodes "The Springfield Files" and "Eek Space-9", respectively. Both featured the voice acting of Duchovny. Duchovny appeared as Mulder on the sketch show Saturday Night Live, when he hosted an episode. Joining him was co-star Nicholas Lea, who would appear as Alex Krycek in a sketch that spoofed The X-Files.[55]

New York Times writer Joyce Millman said that Twin Peaks character Special agent Dale Cooper could have been Mulder's "quirky [...] spiritual twin" if David Duchovny hadn't appeared in the show earlier.[56] When reviewing The X-Files: I Want to Believe, reviewer Moira Macdonald said it was a "kick" watching Duchovny and Gillian Anderson (portrayed Dana Scully).[57] Jesse Hassenger from PopMatters when reviewing season eight, was throughout negative to the new season, claiming that Patrick was miss-cast and calling David Duchovny's appearances as Mulder shallow.[58] Critics and fans alike has praised Duchovny and Anderson's "on-screen chemistry" for years.[45] Richard Corliss from Time magazine praised Duchovny for settling in his role so "quickly" and calling the character "an obsessive plodder".[59] Robert Patrick, the actor who replaced Duchovny as the male lead after the seventh season, commented that the chemistry Duchovny and Gillian Anderson had could only happen "once in a lifetime".[60]

References[]

  1. ↑ Rob Bowman; Chris Carter. "Paper Clip". The X-Files. episode 2. season 3. FOX. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kim Manners & Michael Watkins; Vince Gilligan, John Shiban & Frank Spotnitz. "Dreamland". The X-Files. episode 4 & 5. season 6. FOX. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 David Duchovny; David Duchovny, Frank Spotnitz & Chris Carter. "Willian". The X-Files. episode 16. season 9. FOX. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Daniel Sackheim; Alex Gansa & Howard Gordon. "Conduit". The X-Files. episode 3. season 1. FOX.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Conduit" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 David Nutter; Glen Morgan & James Wong. "Little Green Men". The X-Files. episode 1. season 2. FOX. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 R.W. Goodwin; Chris Carter & David Duchovny). "Talitha Cumi". The X-Files. episode 24. season 3. FOX. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Robert Mandel; Chris Carter. "Pilot". The X-Files. episode 1. season 1. FOX. 
  8. ↑ Kim Manners; Vince Gilligan. "Unusual Suspects". The X-Files. episode 3. season 5. FOX. 
  9. ↑ Kim Manners; Howard Gordon. "Grotesque". The X-Files. episode 14. season 3. FOX. 
  10. ↑ R. W. Goodwin; Chris Carter. "The End". The X-Files. episode 20. season 5. FOX. 
  11. ↑ R. W. Goodwin; Chris Carter. "Gethsemane". The X-Files. episode 24. season 4. FOX. 
  12. ↑ R. W. Goodwin & Kim Manners; Chris Carter. "Redux". The X-Files. episode 1 & 2. season 5. FOX. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kim Manners; Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz. "Closure". The X-Files. episode 11. season 7. FOX. 
  14. ↑ Kim Manners; Chris Carter. "Requiem". The X-Files. episode 22. season 7. FOX. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Tony Wharmby; Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz. "Deadalive". The X-Files. episode 15. season 8. FOX. 
  16. ↑ Tony Wharmby; Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz. "Three Words". The X-Files. episode 16. season 8. FOX. 
  17. ↑ Rod Hardy; Steven Maeda. "Vienen". The X-Files. episode 17. season 8. FOX. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Kim Manners; Chris Carter. "Existence". The X-Files. episode 21. season 8. FOX. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Kim Manners; Chris Carter. "The Truth". The X-Files. episode 19 & 20. season 9. FOX. 
  20. ↑ Chris Carter; Chris Carter & Frank Spotniz. "I Want to Believe". The X-Files. episode 2. FOX. 
  21. ↑ Carter, Chris, Anderson, Gillian, Duchovny, David, B. Davis, William and Williams, Steven. Inside The X-Files (Season 5) (DVD). FOX Home Entertainment. 
  22. ↑ Kim Manners; Vince Gilligan, John Shiban & Frank Spotnitz. "Emily". The X-Files. episode 7. season 5. FOX. 
  23. ↑ Rob Bowman; Vince Gilligan. "Drive". The X-Files. episode 2. season 6. FOX. 
  24. ↑ Kim Manners; Howard Gordon. "Kaddish". The X-Files. episode 15. season 4. FOX. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 R.W. Goodwin; Chris Carter. "The Blessing Away". The X-Files. episode 1. season 3. FOX. 
  26. ↑ Michael Lange; Howard Gordon & Chris Carter. "Miracle Man". The X-Files. episode 18. season 1. FOX. 
  27. ↑ "The Truth Is Out There," The Official Guide to the X-Files Vol. 1, by Brian Lowry, Chris Carter. Harper Paperbacks, 1995.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 David Nutter; Glen Morgan & James Wong. "Tooms". The X-Files. episode 21. season 1. FOX. 
  29. ↑ Kim Manners; Vince Gilligan & John Shiban. "Monday". The X-Files. episode 14. season 6. FOX. 
  30. ↑ Utichi, Jon (August 1, 2008). "David Duchovny on The X-Files, Californication and Directing". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/x_files_2/news/1745572/rt_interview_david_duchovny_on_the_x_files_californication_and_directing. Retrieved July 11, 2009. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 R.W. Goodwin; Chris Carter. "Anasazi". The X-Files. episode 25. season 2. FOX. 
  32. ↑ R.W. Goodwin; Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz. "Sein Und Zeit". The X-Files. episode 10. season 7. FOX. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Kim Manners; Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz. "Two Fathers". The X-Files. episode 11. season 6. FOX. 
  34. ↑ Rob Bowman; Howard Gordon. "Sleepless". The X-Files. episode 4. season 2. FOX. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "Inside the actor's studio - David Duchovny (part 1)". Youtube. Retrieved July 12, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  36. ↑ Carter, Chris. "Casting Mulder". BBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  37. ↑ Spotnitz, Frank. "Amazingly Smart". BBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  38. ↑ Germain, David (April 28, 2000). "Scully, Mulder go Hollywood in Duchovny's `X-Files' tale". The Associated Press. Retrieved July 9, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  39. ↑ "Duchovny quits X-Files". BBC News. May 18, 2001. Retrieved July 5, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  40. ↑ Spencer, Russ (April 28, 2000). "A close encounter with Chris Carter". Salon. Retrieved July 5, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  41. ↑ Elber, Lynn (May 18, 2000). "Fox Mulder 'Ready to Get Back to Work'". Associated Press / Space. Archived from the original on June 18, 2003. Retrieved July 5, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  42. ↑ Carter, Chris, Patrick, Robert, Spotnitz, Frank and Gish, Annabeth. The Truth Behind Season 9 (DVD). FOX Home Entertainment. 
  43. ↑ "David Duchovny Wants To Believe". The Deadbolt. May 22, 2002. Retrieved July 10, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  44. ↑ Winrich Kolbe; Chris Carter. "Lamentation". Millennium. episode 18. season 1. FOX. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Duchovny's droll appeal". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1337569.stm. Retrieved 9 July, 2009. 
  46. ↑ "Advanced Primetime Awards Search". Academy of Television Arts & Science. http://www.emmys.tv/awards/awardsearch.php?action=search_db&selectYearFrom=1949&selectYearTo=2004&textPerson=alan+alda. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  47. ↑ "X-Files, The". HFPA. http://www1.goldenglobes.org/browse/film/25657. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  48. ↑ "2nd Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. http://www.sagawards.org/2_award_nom. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  49. ↑ "3nd Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. http://www.sagawards.org/3_award_nom. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  50. ↑ "4nd Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. http://www.sagawards.org/4_award_nom. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  51. ↑ "5nd Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. http://www.sagawards.org/5_award_nom. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  52. ↑ "6nd Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. http://www.sagawards.org/6_award_nom. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  53. ↑ "1st Annual SATELLITE™ Awards (1997)". International Press Academy Satellite Award. http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards1997.shtml. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  54. ↑ "2st Annual SATELLITE™ Awards (1998)". International Press Academy Satellite Award. http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards1998.shtml. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  55. ↑ "David Duchovny on Saturday Night Live". Youtube. Retrieved July 12, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  56. ↑ Millman, Joyce (May 19, 2002). "TELEVISION/RADIO; 'The X-Files' Finds the Truth: Its Time Is Past". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/19/arts/television-radio-the-x-files-finds-the-truth-its-time-is-past.html. Retrieved July 9, 2009. 
  57. ↑ Macdonald, Moira (July 24, 2008). ""X-Files" movie both satisfies and disappoints". The Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/movies/2008069855_zmov25xfiles.html. Retrieved July 9, 2009. 
  58. ↑ Hassenger, Jesse (November 4, 2003). "The X-Files: The Complete Eight Season". PopMatters. Retrieved July 5, 2009. {{cite web}}:
  59. ↑ Corliss, Richard (July 24, 2008). ""X-Files" Movie: For X-Philes Only". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1826155,00.html. Retrieved July 10, 2009. 
  60. ↑ Manners, Kim and Patrick, Robert. Audio Commentary for "Within" (DVD). FOX Home Entertainment. 

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