In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, film, and video that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from youth to adulthood ("coming of age"). Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action, and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers.[1] The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.
In literature[]
- The Telemachy in Homer's Odyssey (8th century B.C.)
- Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, by Ibn Tufail (12th century)[2]
- The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, by Henry Fielding (1749)[3]
- The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, by Laurence Sterne (1759)[3]
- Candide, by Voltaire (1759)
- Northanger Abbey, by Jane Austen (1817)
- A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce (1916)[4]
- A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, by Betty Smith (1943)
- The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger (1951)
- To Kill a Mockingbird, (novel) by Harper Lee (1960)
- The Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath (1964)
- The Outsiders, by S.E. Hinton (1967)
- A Day No Pigs Would Die, by Robert Newton Peck (1972)
- It, by Stephen King (1986)
- Into the Widening World, a collection of 26 short fictional coming-of-age stories by 26 notable authors (published 1995)
- The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky (1999)
- Five Point Someone, by Chetan Bhagat (2004)
- The Name of the Wind and the rest of The Kingkiller Chronicles by Patrick Rothfuss (2007–present)
In film and television[]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
In film, coming of age is a genre of teen films. Coming-of-age films focus on the psychological and moral growth or transition of a protagonist from youth to adulthood. Personal growth and change is an important characteristic of this genre, which relies on dialogue and emotional responses, rather than action. The story is often told in the form of a flashback.[1] Historically, coming-of-age films usually centred on young boys, although coming-of-age films focusing on girls have become more common in the early 21st century.[5]
Films in this subgenre include Bambi (1942), The Apu Trilogy (1955–59), Les 400 Coups (1959), Oliver! (1968), Walkabout (1971),Summer of '42 (1971), American Graffiti (1973), Breaking Away (1979), Over the Edge (1979), The Last American Virgin (1982), The Outsiders (1983), Rumble Fish (1983), Fandango (1985), Mischief (1985), The Breakfast Club (1985), Stand by Me (1986), Empire of the Sun (1987), Stealing Home (1988), Mermaids (1990), Flirting (1991), Dazed and Confused (1993), Girl, Interrupted (1999), Almost Famous (2000), Y Tu Mamá También (2001), Spirited Away (2001), the Harry Potter series (2001–11), The Motorcycle Diaries (2003), Lakshya (2004), Juno (2007), The Reader (2008), Moonrise Kingdom (2012), The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), The Spectacular Now, Fukrey (2012), (2013), The Kings of Summer (2013), Boyhood (2014), which was filmed with the same cast over a period of twelve years, Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (2015), Sleeping Giant (2015), Moonlight (2016), The Edge of Seventeen (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), It (2017), 2 Cool 2 Be 4gotten (2017), Call Me by Your Name (2017), Lady Bird (2017), Love, Simon (2018), Eighth Grade (2018), To All the Boys I've Loved Before (2018), Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018), Bumblebee (2018), Mid90s (2018), and Booksmart (2019).
Films featuring protagonists in particular age groups, such as pre-teens, are My Girl (1991), The Sandlot (1993), and Now and Then (1995) or high school graduates and college students, in films such as With Honors (1994), Can't Hardly Wait (1998), American Pie (1999), Spider-Man 2 (2004), Superbad (2007), An Education (2009) and 3 Idiots (2009).
Coming-of-age television series include Happy Days (1974–84),[6] the Degrassi franchise (1979–2017), The Wonder Years (1988–93),[6] Boy Meets World (1993–2000), Daria (1997–2001), Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000), Skins (2007–13), Glee (2009–15), Teen Wolf (2011–17), Adventure Time (2010-2018) Steven Universe (2013–present), Over the Garden Wall (2014), Girl Meets World (2014–17), Skam (2015–17), Stranger Things (2016–present), 13 Reasons Why (2017–present), One Day at a Time (2017–present), On My Block (2018–present), SKAM Austin (2018–present), and Sex Education (2019–present), Ano Hi Mita Hana no Namae o Bokutachi wa Mada Shiranai (2011).
In video games[]
While not represented as often as in other mediums, coming-of-age stories can also be found in video games such as the Life Is Strange and Persona series.
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Benyahia, Sarah Casey; Gaffney, Freddie; White, John (2006). As Film Studies: The Essential Introduction. Essentials Series. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-39311-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=-pyveRuwHzsC&pg=PA271. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
- ↑ Joy Palmer, Liora Bresler, David Edward Cooper (2001). Fifty major thinkers on education: from Confucius to Dewey. Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 0-415-23126-4.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McWilliams, Ellen (2009). Margaret Atwood and the Female Bildungsroman. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7546-6027-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=q2GuhQCODeMC&pg=PA14. "The two early English Bildungsromane already mentioned, Tom Jones and The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, are examples of coming-of-age narratives that predate the generic expectations of the German tradition."
- ↑ "On Reading Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Kate Erbland, "7 Female-Centric Coming-of-Age Movies to Watch If You Loved ‘Lady Bird’". IndieWire, December 5, 2017.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Fox, Levi (2002). "The Historical Coming of Age Genre". Were Those the Days? Historical Coming of Age Films in American Culture. American Studies, University of Virginia. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
{{cite web}}:
Template:Young adult development
| Film genres | |
|---|---|
| By style | Action (Arthouse • Heroic bloodshed • Hong Kong action) • Adventure (Survival) •
Art • Biographical • Christian • Comedy (Black • Commedia all'italiana • Commedia sexy all'italiana • Bromantic • Dramedy • Gross out • Horror • Parody • Mo lei tau • Thriller • Remarriage • Romantic • Sex • Screwball • Silent • Slapstick) • Documentary (Animated • Docudrama • Mockumentary • Mondo • Pseudo • Semi • Travel) • Drama (Dramedy • Historical • Legal • Melodrama (Korean) • Erotic (Commedia sexy all'italiana • Pink • Sexploitation • Thriller) • Educational • Social guidance • Epic (Sword-and-sandal) • Experimental • Exploitation (see Exploitation film template) • Fantasy (Comic • Contemporary • Dark • Fairy tale • Fantastique • High • Historical • Magic realism • Science) • Film noir (Bad girl • Neo-noir • Occult detective • Pulp noir • Tech noir) • Gothic (Romance • Southern • Space • Suburban • Urban) • Horror (Body • Cannibal • Comedy • Eco • Fantastique • Found footage • German underground • Ghost • Giallo • Japanese • Korean • Mumblegore • Natural • New French Extremity • Occult detective • Psycho-biddy • Psychological • Religious • Science Fiction • Slasher • Splatter • Satanic) • Mumblecore (Mumblegore) • Musical (Backstage • Jukebox • Musicarello • Operetta • Sceneggiata) • Mystery (Giallo • Occult detective) • Pornographic (Hardcore pornography • Softcore pornography) • Propaganda • Reality • Romantic (Comedy (Bromantic)) • Gothic • Paranormal • Thriller) • Science fiction (Comic • Cyberpunk • Fantastique • Fantasy • Gothic • Horror • Military • Mundane • New Wave • Parallel universe • Planetary romance • Space opera • Steampunk • Western) • Thriller (Comedy • Conspiracy • Erotic • Financial • Giallo • Legal • New French Extremity • Political • Psychological • Romantic • Techno) • Transgressive (Cinema of Transgression • New French Extremity) • Trick |
| By theme | Animals • Beach party • Blaxploitation • Body swap • Bourekas • Buddy (Buddy cop • Female) • Cannibal • Chicano • Colonial • Coming-of-age • Concert • Crime (Gentleman thief • Gong'an • Heist • Hood • Gangster • Mafia • Mafia comedy • Poliziotteschi • Yakuza • Gokudō) • Dance • Disaster (Apocalyptic) • Drug (Psychedelic • Stoner) • Dystopian • Economic • Ethnographic • Extraterrestrial • Food and drink • Funny animal • Gendai-geki • Ghost • Goona-goona epic • Gothic (Romance • Southern • Space • Suburban • Urban) • Ecchi • Girls with guns • Harem • Hentai (Tentacle erotica) • Lolicon • Kaitō • Magical girl • Mecha • Shotacon • Yaoi • Yuri • Homeland • Jidaigeki • LGBT • Luchador • Martial arts (Bruceploitation • Chopsocky • Girls with guns • Gun fu • Kung fu • Wuxia) • Mecha • Mexploitation • Monster (Giant monster • Jiangshi • Kaiju • Vampire • Werewolf • Zombie) • Mountain • Mouth of Garbage • Muslim social • Nature (Environmental issues) • Opera • Outlaw biker • Ozploitation • Partisan film • Pirate • Prison (Women) • Race • Rape and revenge • Road • Rubble • Rumberas • Samurai • Sexploitation (Bavarian porn • Commedia sexy all'italiana • Mexican sex comedy • Nazi exploitation • Pornochanchada • Nunsploitation • Sex report) • Shomin-geki • Slavery • Slice of life • Snuff (Crush) • South Seas • Sports • Spy (Eurospy) • Superhero • Surfing • Swashbuckler • Sword-and-sandal • Sword and sorcery • Travel • Trial • Vigilante • War (Anti-war • Euro War • Submarine) • Western (Acid • Florida • Meat pie • Northern • Ostern • revisionist • Space • Spaghetti • Weird) • Zombie (Zombie comedy) |
| By movement or period |
Absolute • Australian New Wave • Auteur films • Berlin School • Bourekas • Brighton School • British New Wave (Kitchen sink realism) • Budapest school • Cannibal boom • Cinéma du look • Cinema Novo • Cinema of Transgression • Cinéma pur • Commedia all'italiana • Documentary Film Movement • Dogme 95 • Erra Cinema • European art cinema • Film gris • Free Cinema • French New Wave • German Expressionist • German underground horror • Nigerian Golden Age • Grupo Cine Liberación • Heimatfilm • Hollywood on the Tiber • Hong Kong New Wave • Iranian New Wave • Italian futurist • Italian neorealist • Japanese New Wave • Kammerspielfilm • L.A. Rebellion • Lettrist • Mumblecore • Neorealist • New French Extremity • New German • New Generation • New Hollywood • New Nigerian • New Queer • No wave • Nuevo Cine Mexicano • Parallel Cinema • Persian Film • Poetic realist • Polish Film School • Poliziotteschi • Praška filmska škola • Prussian film • Pure Film Movement • Remodernist • Romanian New Wave • Spaghetti Western • Socialist realist • Social realist (Kitchen sink realism) • Soviet Parallel • Structural • Surrealist • Sword-and-sandal • Telefoni Bianchi • Third Cinema • Yugoslav Black Wave |
| By audience | Chick flick • Children's • Cult (midnight movie) • Guy-cry • Teen • Woman's |
| By format, technique, approach, or production |
3D • Actuality • Animation (anime • cartoon • computer • stop-motion • traditional) • Anthology • Art • B movie • Black-and-white • Blockbuster • Bollywood • Cinéma vérité • Classical Hollywood cinema • Collage • Color • Compilation • Composite • Database cinema • Docufiction • Ethnofiction • Experimental (Abstract) • Feature • Featurette • Film à clef • Film noir • Film-poem • Found footage • Grindhouse • Hyperlink cinema • Independent (Guerrilla filmmaking) • Interstitial art • Live action (animation) • Low-budget • Major studio • Making-of • Masala • Message picture • Meta-film • Mockbuster • Musical short • Mythopoeia • Neorealist • No budget • Paracinema • Participatory • Poetry • Postmodernist • Sceneggiata • Semidocumentary • Serial • Shinpa • Short • Silent • Socialist realist • Sound • Underground |