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Millennium: 3rd millennium
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2005 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 2005
MMV
Ab urbe condita 2758
Armenian calendar 1454
ԹՎ ՌՆԾԴ
Assyrian calendar 6755
Bahá'í calendar 161–162
Bengali calendar 1412
Berber calendar 2955
British Regnal year 53 Eliz. 2 – 54 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar 2549
Burmese calendar 1367
Byzantine calendar 7513–7514
Chinese calendar [[Sexagenary cycle|Template:Chinese calendar/year/]]年月日
(4641/4701-Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".-Template:Chinese calendar/day/78/20)
— to —
[[Sexagenary cycle|Template:Chinese calendar/year/]]年月日
(4642/4702-Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".-Template:Chinese calendar/day/78/21)
Coptic calendar 1721–1722
Ethiopian calendar 1997–1998
Hebrew calendar 5765–5766
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 2061–2062
 - Shaka Samvat 1927–1928
 - Kali Yuga 5106–5107
Holocene calendar 12005
Igbo calendar
 - Ǹrí Ìgbò 1005–1006
Iranian calendar 1383–1384
Islamic calendar 1425–1426
Japanese calendar [[Heisei|Heisei]] Expression error: Missing operand for -.
(Expression error: Missing operand for -.年)
Juche calendar 94
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar 4338
Minguo calendar ROC 94
民國94年
Thai solar calendar 2548
Unix time 1104537600–Expression error: Unexpected < operator.
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2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2005th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 5th year of the 3rd millennium, the 5th year of the 21st century, and the 6th year of the 2000s decade.

2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. 2005 was also the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (1995–2005).

Events[]

January[]

  • January 5Eris, the most massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown using images originally taken on October 21, 2003, at the Palomar Observatory.[1]
  • January 7Crevalcore train crash in Italy: 17 dead and dozens injured.
  • January 12Deep Impact is launched from Cape Canaveral with the purpose of studying the comet Tempel 1.[2]
  • January 14 – The Huygens spacecraft lands on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.[3]
  • January 20George W. Bush is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.

February[]

  • February 10North Korea announces that it possesses nuclear weapons as a protection against the hostility it says it perceives from the United States.[4]
  • February 14 – Former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri is assassinated, along with 21 others, by a suicide bomber in Beirut.[5]
  • February 16 – The Kyoto Protocol officially goes into effect.[6]

March[]

  • March 14China ratifies an anti-secession law, aimed at preventing Taiwan from declaring independence.[7]
  • March 24 – The President of Kyrgyzstan, Askar Akayev, is deposed following mass anti-government demonstrations and flees the country.[8]
  • March 26 - The first episode of the revived series of Doctor Who aires on BBC One.
  • March 28 – The 8.6 w Nias–Simeulue earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong), leaving 915–1,314 people dead and 340–1,146 injured.

April[]

  • April 2Pope John Paul II dies; over four million people travel to the Vatican to mourn him.[9][10][11] Pope Benedict XVI succeeds him on April 19, becoming the 265th pope.[12][13]
  • April 9Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. Camilla receives the title Duchess of Cornwall.[14]
  • April 23 – The first ever YouTube video is uploaded, titled Me at the zoo.
  • April 26Syria withdraws the last of its military garrison from Lebanon, ending its 29-year military occupation of the country.[15]
  • April 27 – The Superjumbo jet aircraft Airbus A380 makes its first flight from Toulouse.[16]

May[]

  • May 13Uzbek Interior Ministry and National Security Service troops massacre at least 200 protesters in the city of Andijan.[17]

June[]

  • June 4 – The Civic Forum of the Romanians of Covasna, Harghita and Mureș is founded.[18]

July[]

  • July 2Live 8, a set of 10 simultaneous concerts, takes place throughout the world, raising interest in the Make Poverty History campaign.[19]
  • July 6
  • July 7Four coordinated suicide bombings hit central London, killing 52 people and injuring over 700.[22]
  • July 23 – A series of bombings hit the resort city of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing over 80 people.[23]
  • July 28 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army announces an end to the armed campaign it has pursued since 1969, and orders all its units to drop their arms.[24]

August[]

  • August 12 – The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is launched from Cape Canaveral, designed to explore Mars.[25]
  • August 14Helios Airways Flight 522, en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashes in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew.
  • August 16West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 crashes into a mountain in Venezuela, killing 160 passengers and crew.[26]
  • August 18Peace Mission 2005, the first joint China–Russia military exercise, begins its eight-day training on the Shandong Peninsula.[27]
  • August 29Hurricane Katrina makes landfall along the U.S. Gulf Coast, causing severe damage and killing over a thousand people and dealing an estimated $108 billion in damage.[28]
  • August 31 – A stampede at the Al-Aaimmah bridge in Baghdad, Iraq, kills 953 Shia Muslim pilgrims who were celebrating a religious festival.[29]

September[]

  • September 7Egypt holds its first ever multi-party presidential election, which is marred with allegations of fraud.[30]
  • September 12Israel demolishes multiple settlements and withdraws its army from the Gaza Strip.[31]
  • September 19North Korea agrees to stop building nuclear weapons in exchange for aid and cooperation.[32]
  • September 30Controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, sparking outrage and violent riots by Muslims around the world.[33]

October[]

  • October 8 – The 7.6 w Kashmir earthquake strikes Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and nearby areas with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing more than 86,000 people and displacing several million more.[34]
  • October 12 – The second manned Chinese spacecraft, Shenzhou 6, is launched.[35]
  • October 15 – The 2005 Iraqi Constitution is approved by Iraqi voters, which among other things, changes the official name of the country from "Iraqi Republic" to "Republic of Iraq".
  • October 19 – The trial of Saddam Hussein begins.[36]
  • October 24Hurricane Wilma makes landfall near Cape Romano.[37]

November[]

  • November 9 – At least 60 people are killed and 115 more are wounded in a series of coordinated suicide bombings in Amman, Jordan.[38]
  • November 11 – In Kazakhstan, Zamanbek Nurkadilov, former mayor of Almaty, government minister and a political opponent of Nursultan Nazarbayev is found dead at his family compound.[39]
  • November 13Andrew Stimpson, a 25-year-old Scottish man, is reported as the first person proven to have been 'cured' of HIV.[40]
  • November 22Angela Merkel assumes office as the first female Chancellor of Germany.[41]
  • November 23Ellen Johnson Sirleaf wins the Liberian general election, making her the first democratically elected female head of state in Africa.[42]
  • November 28 – The United Nations Climate Change conference is held in Montreal.[43]
  • November 30 – Surgeons in France carry out the first human face transplant with Isabelle Dinoire becoming the first person to undergo it.[44]

December[]

  • December 12 – Scientists announce that they have created mice with small amounts of human brain cells in an effort to make realistic models of neurological disorders.[45]
  • December 18Chad descends into civil war after various rebel forces, with support from Sudan, attack the capital, N'Djamena.
  • December 31Another second is added, 23:59:60, to end the year 2005, the first time since 1998.[46]

Births[]

  • January 4Dafne Keen, British and Spanish actress
  • January 11Roksana Węgiel, Polish singer, winner of Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018
  • February – Alma Deutscher, English composer, violinist, pianist and child prodigy
  • February 10Rio Suzuki, Japanese actress and tarento
  • February 21Hong Hwa-ri, South Korean actress
  • February 25Noah Jupe, English actor
  • March 26Ella Anderson, American actress
  • April 29Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti of Thailand, son of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, Rama X of Thailand and his wife Srirasmi Suwadee
  • June 26Princess Alexia of the Netherlands, daughter of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and his wife Queen Maxima of the Netherlands
  • July 25Pierce Gagnon, American actor
  • August 10Sunny Suljic, American actor
  • October 4Rina Endō, Japanese actress
  • October 15Prince Christian of Denmark, son of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark and his wife Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark
  • October 31Leonor, Princess of Asturias, daughter of Felipe VI of Spain and his wife Queen Letizia of Spain
  • December 3Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway, son of Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway and his wife Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway, grandson of King Harald V of Norway

Deaths[]

Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January[]

File:Shirley Chisholm.jpg

Shirley Chisholm

File:Johnny Carson 1970.JPG

Johnny Carson

  • January 1
    • Shirley Chisholm, American politician, educator, and author (b. 1924)
    • Eugene J. Martin, American artist (b. 1938)
  • January 4Alton Tobey, American artist (b. 1914)
  • January 7Rosemary Kennedy, American socialite (b. 1918)
  • January 10
    • Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1927)
    • James Forman, American civil rights activist (b. 1928)
  • January 12Amrish Puri, Indian actor (b. 1932)
  • January 15
    • Victoria de los Ángeles, Spanish Catalan soprano (b. 1923)
    • Ruth Warrick, American singer, actress and political activist (b. 1916)
  • January 17
    • Virginia Mayo, American actress (b. 1920)
    • Zhao Ziyang, 3rd Premier of China (b. 1919)
  • January 20Per Borten, 14th Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1913)
  • January 21Richard Outram, Canadian poet (b. 1930)
  • January 23Johnny Carson, American television host (b. 1925)
  • January 25Philip Johnson, American architect (b. 1906)
  • January 28Jim Capaldi, English rock musician and songwriter (b. 1944)
  • January 29Ephraim Kishon, Israeli author, dramatist, screenwriter, and film director (b. 1924)
  • January 31Malcolm Hardee, English comedian, and author (b. 1950)

February[]

File:Max-schmeling.jpg

Max Schmeling

File:Arthur-miller.jpg

Arthur Miller

File:Sandra Dee 1961.png

Sandra Dee

  • February 1John Vernon, Canadian actor (b. 1932)
  • February 2Max Schmeling, German boxer (b. 1905)
  • February 3
    • Ernst Mayr, German-American biologist (b. 1904)
    • Zurab Zhvania, 4th Prime Minister of Georgia (b. 1963)
  • February 4Ossie Davis, American actor, poet, playwright, author and civil rights activist (b. 1917)
  • February 5Gnassingbé Eyadéma, 3rd President of Togo (b. 1935)
  • February 7Atli Dam, 3-Time Prime Minister of Faroe Islands (b. 1932)
  • February 10
    • Ben Jones, 7th Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1924)
    • Arthur Miller, American playwright (b. 1915)
  • February 11Mary Jackson, American mathematician and engineer (b. 1921)
  • February 12
    • Sammi Smith, American country music singer-songwriter (b. 1943)
    • Rafael Vidal, Venezuelan swimmer and sports commentator (b. 1964)
  • February 13Lúcia Santos, Portuguese nun (b. 1907)
  • February 14Rafic Hariri, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1944)
  • February 17
    • Narriman Sadek, Queen of Egypt (b. 1933)
    • Omar Sívori, Argentinian footballer (b. 1935)
    • Dan O'Herlihy, Irish actor (b. 1919)
  • February 20
    • Sandra Dee, American actress (b. 1942)
    • Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist (b. 1937)
  • February 22Simone Simon, French actress (b. 1910)
  • February 24Hugh Nibley, American scholar and Latter-day Saint apologist (b. 1910)
  • February 25
    • Peter Benenson, British lawyer and founder of Amnesty International (b. 1921)
    • Atef Sedky, 45th Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1930)

March[]

File:James Callaghan.JPG

James Callaghan

File:Fred Korematsu.jpg

Fred Korematsu

  • March 3Rinus Michels, Dutch soccer player and coach (b. 1928)
  • March 6
    • Hans Bethe, German-American physicist (b. 1906)
    • Teresa Wright, American actress (b. 1918)
  • March 9Chris LeDoux, American country music and rodeo star (b. 1948)
  • March 15Audrey Callaghan, Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1915)
  • March 17George F. Kennan, American diplomat and political advisor (b. 1904)
  • March 19John Z. DeLorean, American car maker (b. 1925)
  • March 22
    • Clemente Domínguez y Gómez, Spanish spiritual leader (b. 1946)
    • Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect (b. 1913)
  • March 26James Callaghan, 70th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1912)
  • March 29
    • Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (b. 1937)
    • Mitch Hedberg, American stand-up comedian (b. 1968)
  • March 30
    • Robert Creeley, American poet (b. 1926)
    • Fred Korematsu, Japanese-American civil rights activist (b. 1919)

April[]

File:John Paul II Medal of Freedom 2004.jpg

Pope John Paul II

  • April 1Miguel Vila Luna, Dominican architect and painter (b. 1964)
  • April 2Pope John Paul II (b. 1920)
  • April 5Saul Bellow, Canadian-American writer (b. 1915)
  • April 6Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (b. 1923)
  • April 13Nikola Ljubičić, Serbian general and politician, 10th President of Serbia (b. 1916)
  • April 23John Mills, English actor (b. 1908)
  • April 24Ezer Weizman, 7th President of Israel (b. 1924)
  • April 26
    • Mason Adams, American actor (b. 1919)
    • Maria Schell, Austrian actress (b. 1926)

May[]

File:Eddie Albert Robert Wagner Switch 1975 (cropped).JPG

Eddie Albert

  • May 2Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (b. 1915)
  • May 13George Dantzig, American mathematician (b. 1914)
  • May 17Frank Gorshin, American actor, impressionist, and comedian (b. 1933)
  • May 22Thurl Ravenscroft, American actor and bass singer (b. 1914)
  • May 25
    • Sunil Dutt, Indian actor, producer, director and politician (b. 1929)
    • Ismail Merchant, Indian film producer (b. 1936)
  • May 26
    • Eddie Albert, American actor (b. 1906)
    • Sangoulé Lamizana, 2nd President and 2nd Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (b. 1916)

June[]

File:Alvaro Cunhal (1980).jpg

Álvaro Cunhal

File:Cardinal Jaime Sin in 1988.jpg

Jaime Sin

  • June 6
    • Anne Bancroft, American actress (b. 1931)
    • Dana Elcar, American actor (b. 1927)
    • Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla, 21st President of Panama (b. 1918)
  • June 11Vasco Gonçalves, 103rd Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1921)
  • June 13
    • Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (b. 1913)
    • Lane Smith, American actor (b. 1936)
  • June 17Susanna Javicoli, Italian actress (b. 1954)
  • June 20Jack Kilby, American engineer (b. 1923)
  • June 21Jaime Sin, 30th Archbishop of Manila (b. 1928)
  • June 24Paul Winchell, American ventriloquist, comedian, actor, voice artist, humanitarian, and inventor (b. 1922)
  • June 25
    • John Fiedler, American actor (b. 1925)
    • Domino Harvey, British-American bounty hunter (b. 1969)
  • June 27Shelby Foote, American historian and novelist (b. 1916)
  • June 28
    • Danny Dietz, American naval officer (b. 1980)
    • Erik S. Kristensen, American naval officer (b. 1972)
    • Michael P. Murphy, American naval officer (b. 1976)

July[]

File:Sir Edward Heath.jpg

Edward Heath

File:James Doohan Actor.jpg

James Doohan

  • July 1Luther Vandross, American singer (b. 1951)
  • July 4June Haver, American actress and singer (b. 1926)
  • July 5James Stockdale, American Vice Admiral and vice presidential candidate (b. 1923)
  • July 6
    • L. Patrick Gray, American FBI director (b. 1916)
    • Ed McBain, American writer (b. 1926)
    • Claude Simon, Malagasy-French novelist and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
  • July 9Kevin Hagen, American actor (b. 1928)
  • July 11Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
  • July 17
    • Edward Heath, 68th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1916)
    • Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish actress (b. 1913)
  • July 18William Westmoreland, American army general (b. 1914)
  • July 19John Tyndall, British politician and activist (b. 1934)
  • July 20James Doohan, Canadian actor (b. 1920)
  • July 21Long John Baldry, English-Canadian musician (b. 1941)
  • July 25Ford Rainey, American actor (b. 1908)
  • July 31Wim Duisenberg, Dutch politician (b. 1935)

August[]

File:Fahd bin Abdul Aziz.jpg

King Fahd of Saudi Arabia

File:Brother Roger at prayer.jpg

Brother Roger

  • August 1 – King Fahd of Saudi Arabia (b. 1921)
  • August 6Robin Cook, British politician (b. 1946)
  • August 7Peter Jennings, Canadian-American news anchor (b. 1938)
  • August 8
    • Barbara Bel Geddes, American actress, artist, and children's author (b. 1922)
    • Ahmed Deedat, South African preacher (b. 1918)
  • August 9Matthew McGrory, American actor (b. 1973)
  • August 12Lakshman Kadirgamar, foreign minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1932)
  • August 13David Lange, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1942)
  • August 16
    • Joe Ranft, American screenwriter, comedian, animator, storyboard artist, voice actor and magician (b. 1960)
    • Brother Roger, Swiss monastic and founder of the Taizé Community (b. 1915)
  • August 19
    • Faimalaga Luka, 6th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (b. 1940)
    • Mo Mowlam, British politician (b. 1949)
  • August 23Brock Peters, American actor (b. 1927)
  • August 31Joseph Rotblat, Polish-British physicist (b. 1908)

September[]

File:Simon Wiesenthal (1982).jpg

Simon Wiesenthal

  • September 1R.L. Burnside, American blues singer (b. 1926)
  • September 2Bob Denver, American actor (b. 1935)
  • September 3William Rehnquist, American lawyer and 16th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1924)
  • September 6Eugenia Charles, 3rd Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1919)
  • September 13Julio César Turbay Ayala, 25th President of Colombia (b. 1916)
  • September 14Robert Wise, American film director (b. 1914)
  • September 18Michael Park, English Rally driver (b. 1966)
  • September 20Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust survivor and Nazi hunter (b. 1908)
  • September 23Roger Brierley, English actor (b. 1935)
  • September 25Don Adams, American actor (b. 1923)

October[]

File:Rosaparks 4-5 (cropped).jpg

Rosa Parks

  • October 10Milton Obote, 2nd President of Uganda (b. 1925)
  • October 17Ba Jin, Chinese writer (b. 1904)
  • October 22Arman, French-American artist (b. 1928)
  • October 24
    • José Azcona del Hoyo, 61st President of Honduras (b. 1926)
    • Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (b. 1913)
  • October 28Richard Smalley, American chemist and physicist (b. 1943)
  • October 29Lloyd Bochner, Canadian actor (b. 1924)

November[]

Pat Morita 1971 publicity photo

Pat Morita

File:George best 1976.jpg

George Best

  • November 1Michael Piller, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1948)
  • November 2Ferruccio Valcareggi, Italian football player and manager (b. 1919)
  • November 4Sheree North, American actress, dancer and singer (b. 1932)
  • November 5John Fowles, English novelist (b. 1926)
  • November 9Kocheril R. Narayanan, 10th President of India (b. 1921)
  • November 11
    • Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American film producer (b. 1930)
    • Zamanbek Nurkadilov, Kazakh politician (b. 1944)
  • November 13Eddie Guerrero, Mexican-American professional wrestler (b. 1967)
  • November 16Henry Taube, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
  • November 18Harold J. Stone, American actor (b. 1913)
  • November 19Erik Balling, Danish television and film director (b. 1924)
  • November 24Pat Morita, American actor (b. 1932)
  • November 25
    • George Best, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1946)
    • Richard Burns, English rally driver (b. 1971)
  • November 28Tony Meehan, English drummer (b. 1943)

December[]

File:Richard Pryor (1986) (cropped).jpg

Richard Pryor

  • December 2Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi, 59th Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1938)
  • December 6Devan Nair, 3rd President of Singapore (b. 1923)
  • December 10
    • Eugene McCarthy, American politician (b. 1916)
    • Richard Pryor, American comedian (b. 1940)
  • December 13Stanley Williams, American gang leader (b. 1953)
  • December 16John Spencer, American actor (b. 1946)
  • December 23Yao Wenyuan, Chinese politician (b. 1931)
  • December 25Birgit Nilsson, Swedish soprano (b. 1918)
  • December 26Vincent Schiavelli, American actor (b. 1948)

Nobel Prizes[]

Nobel medal
  • ChemistryRobert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, and Yves Chauvin
  • EconomicsRobert J. Aumann, and Thomas Schelling
  • LiteratureHarold Pinter
  • PeaceMohamed ElBaradei
  • PhysicsRoy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, and Theodor W. Hänsch
  • Physiology or MedicineRobin Warren, and Barry Marshall

New English words and terms[]

  • didymo
  • functional calculus
  • glamping
  • locavore
  • microblogging
  • pre-exposure prophylaxis
  • ransomware
  • rock snot
  • sexting
  • truther
  • vodcast[47]

References[]

  1. Hamilton, Calvin J. "Dwarf Planet Eris". Solar Views. Retrieved July 3, 2016. {{cite web}}:
  2. "Comet probe Deep Impact launches". BBC. 2005-01-12. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4162869.stm. Retrieved 2009-10-14. 
  3. Malik, Tariq; de Selding, Peter (2005-01-14). "Touchdown on Titan: Huygens Probe Hits its Mark". Space.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-14. {{cite web}}:
  4. Faiola, Anthony (2005-02-10). "N. Korea Declares Itself a Nuclear Power". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12836-2005Feb10.html. Retrieved 2009-10-14. 
  5. Watson, Roland (2005-02-16). "Outraged Bush turns up heat on Damascus after bomb". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article514925.ece. Retrieved 2009-10-14. 
  6. "Kyoto Protocol comes into effect". CBC News. 2005-02-16. http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2005/02/16/kyoto050216.html. Retrieved 2009-10-15. 
  7. "Countries support Anti-Secession Law". China Daily. 2005-03-16. Retrieved 2009-10-21. {{cite web}}:
  8. "Kyrgyz citizens overthrow President Ayakev (Tulip Revolution), 2005". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved July 3, 2016. {{cite web}}:
  9. "Pope John Paul II Laid to Rest Today Amidst Huge Crowds". CNN International. April 8, 2005. http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0504/08/lt.03.html. Retrieved 2010-04-03. 
  10. Coates, Sam; Asthana, Anushka (April 8, 2005). "What is Pope John Paul II's legacy?". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/article377153.ece?token=null&offset=0. Retrieved October 23, 2009. 
  11. "The funeral of Pope John Paul II". BBC News. April 8, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/4420145.stm. Retrieved October 23, 2009. 
  12. Johnson, Daniel (April 20, 2005). "Pope Benedict XVI may be more controversial than his predecessor but he can still be a great leader". The Times Online (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article383225.ece?print=yes&randnum=1151003209000. Retrieved October 27, 2009. 
  13. "Pope Benedict XVI". New York Times. April 19, 2005. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/19/opinion/19iht-web.0419popeed.html. Retrieved October 27, 2009. 
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