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From top to bottom, left to right: Fidel Castro takes over Cuba; Tsarong Dazang Dramdul and several Tibetan monks captured by the PLA during the 1959 Tibetan uprising; The MOSFET (MOS transistor) is invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs.; Site of Australopithecus boisei discovery in Tanzania.; Surface weather analysis of Typhoon Vera; Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev at the American National Exhibition; The Day the Music Died: The wreckage of the Bonanza at the crash site that killed Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bopper; Damage to the Congolese Public Market in Léopoldville from the Léopoldville riots.
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| Gregorian calendar | 1959 MCMLIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2712 |
| Armenian calendar | 1408 ԹՎ ՌՆԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6709 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 115–116 |
| Bengali calendar | 1366 |
| Berber calendar | 2909 |
| British Regnal year | 7 Eliz. 2 – 8 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2503 |
| Burmese calendar | 1321 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7467–7468 |
| Chinese calendar | [[Sexagenary cycle|Template:Chinese calendar/year/]]年月日 (4595/4655-Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".-{{Chinese calendar/day/77/Template:Chinese calendar/year/77|2436570}}) — to — [[Sexagenary cycle|Template:Chinese calendar/year/]]年月日(4596/4656-Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".-{{Chinese calendar/day/77/Template:Chinese calendar/year/77|2436934}}) |
| Coptic calendar | 1675–1676 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1951–1952 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5719–5720 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2015–2016 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1881–1882 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5060–5061 |
| Holocene calendar | 11959 |
| Igbo calendar | |
| - Ǹrí Ìgbò | 959–960 |
| Iranian calendar | 1337–1338 |
| Islamic calendar | 1378–1379 |
| Japanese calendar | [[Shōwa|Shōwa]] Expression error: Missing operand for -. (Expression error: Missing operand for -.年) |
| Juche calendar | 48 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4292 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 48 民國48年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2502 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1959.
1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1959th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 959th year of the 2nd millennium, the 59th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1950s decade.
Events[]
January[]
January 8: Fidel Castro arrives in Havana
- January 1 – Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance.[1]
- January 2 – Soviet lunar probe Luna 1 is the first human-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reaches the vicinity of Earth's Moon, where it was intended to crash-land, but instead becomes the first spacecraft to go into heliocentric orbit.
- January 3
- Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state.
- The southernmost island of the Maldives archipelago, Addu Atoll, declares its independence from the Kingdom of the Maldives, initiating the United Suvadive Republic.[2]
- January 4
- In Cuba, rebel troops led by Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos enter the city of Havana.
- Léopoldville riots: At least 49 people are killed during clashes between the police and participants of a meeting of the ABAKO Party in Léopoldville in the Belgian Congo.
- January 6 – The International Maritime Organization is inaugurated.
- January 7 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
- January 8 – Charles de Gaulle is inaugurated as the first president of the French Fifth Republic.
- January 9 – The Vega de Tera disaster in Spain, a flood caused by a dam collapse, nearly destroys the town of Ribadelago and kills 144 residents.[3]
- January 10 – The Soviet government recognizes the new Castro government of Cuba.
- January 11 – The Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques is founded in Monaco.
- January 15 – The Soviet Union conducts its first census after World War II.
- January 21 – The European Court of Human Rights is established.
- January 22 – Knox Mine disaster: Water breaches the River Slope Mine in Port Griffith, near Pittston, Pennsylvania, United States; 12 miners are killed.
- January 25
- American Airlines begins the first U.S. domestic jet service with a Boeing 707 airliner flight between New York and Los Angeles.[4]
- Pope John XXIII announces that the Second Vatican Council will be convened in Rome.
- January 30 – Danish passenger/cargo ship Template:MS, returning to Copenhagen after its maiden voyage to Greenland, strikes an iceberg and sinks off the Greenland coast with the loss of all 95 on board.[5]
February[]
February 17: Technical drawing of Vanguard 2
- February 2 – Nine ski hikers mysteriously perish in the northern Ural Mountains in the Dyatlov Pass incident and are all found dead a few weeks later.
- February 3
- A chartered plane transporting musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper with pilot Roger Peterson goes down in foggy conditions near Clear Lake, Iowa, killing all four on board. The tragedy is later termed "The Day the Music Died", popularized in Don McLean's 1971 song "American Pie".
- American Airlines Flight 320, a Lockheed L-188 Electra from Chicago crashes into the East River on approach to New York City's LaGuardia Airport, killing 65 of the 73 people on board.
- February 6 – At Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first successful test firing of a Titan intercontinental ballistic missile is accomplished.
- February 9 – Yugoslavia and Spain set trade relations (not diplomatic ones).
- February 13 – TAT-2, AT&T's second transatlantic telephone cable goes into operation between Newfoundland and France.
- February 16 – Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba.
- February 17 – Vanguard 2, the first weather satellite, is launched to measure cloud cover for the United States Navy.
- February 18
- Jesús Sosa Blanco, a colonel in the Cuban army of Fulgencio Batista, is executed in Cuba after being convicted of committing 108 murders for Batista.
- Women in Nepal vote for the first time.
- February 19 – First of the London and Zürich Agreements under which the United Kingdom agrees to grant independence to Cyprus.
- February 20 – The Canadian Government cancels the Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow interceptor aircraft project.
March[]
- March 1
- The USS Tuscaloosa, USS New Orleans, USS Tennessee and USS West Virginia are stricken from the United States Naval Vessel Register.
- Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus from exile.
- March 3 – Lunar probe Pioneer 4 becomes the first American object to escape dominance by Earth's gravity.
- March 9 – Mattel's Barbie doll debuts in the United States.
- March 10 – The Tibetan uprising erupts in Lhasa when Chinese officials attempt to arrest the Dalai Lama.
- March 11 – The Eurovision Song Contest 1959, staged in Cannes, is won for the Netherlands by "'n Beetje" sung by Teddy Scholten (music by Dick Schallies, lyrics by Willy van Hemert).
- March 17 – Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama escapes Tibet and arrives in India.
- March 18 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Hawaii Admission Act, granting statehood to Hawaii.
- March 19 – The other two southern islands of the Maldives, Huvadhu Atoll and Fuvahmulah, join Addu Atoll in forming the United Suvadive Republic (abolished September 1963).
- March 28 – The Kashag, the government of Tibet, is abolished by an order signed by Chinese premier Zhou Enlai. The Dalai Lama is replaced in China by the Panchen Lama.
- March 31 – The Dalai Lama is granted asylum in India.
Nobel Prizes[]
- Physics – Emilio Gino Segrè, Owen Chamberlain
- Chemistry – Jaroslav Heyrovský
- Physiology or Medicine – Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg
- Literature – Salvatore Quasimodo
- Peace – Philip Noel-Baker
Notes[]
References[]
- ↑ Handbook on the Cuban Armed Forces. DIA. 1979. p. 1.
- ↑ "The Suvadive Revolt - Addu 1959". Archived from the original on August 12, 2004.
{{cite web}}: - ↑ Lera, José (10 January 1999). "40 años de la tragedia de Ribadelago, en la que murieron 144 personas" (in es). El País (Zamora: PRISA). https://elpais.com/diario/1999/01/10/espana/915922818_850215.html.
- ↑ "Today in History". Washington Post Express: p. 26. 25 January 2012.
- ↑ "Three Rescue Vessels Reach Ship-Iceberg Collision Scene". Tribune (Oakland): p. 1. 1959-01-31.
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